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排序方式: 共有571条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
471.
Cesar Vinicus Toniciolli Rigueto Rafaela de Oliveira Karolynne Sousa Gomes Ingridy Alessandretti Mateus Torres Nazari Marieli Rosseto Daniela Dal Castel Krein Raquel Aparecida Loss Aline Dettmer 《环境质量管理》2023,33(1):203-221
The fishing industry is responsible for generating large amounts of organic waste rich in compounds of commercial interest. This review aimed to present the state of the art about the possibilities of using solid waste to obtain value-added products. Skins, fins, and scales have been used to obtain gelatin and collagen, a promising compound for use as an additive in yogurts and creams, as well as for the synthesis of biodegradable packaging that, if applicable, can reduce the environmental impact caused by petroleum packaging. Other parts, such as the head and the viscera, contain polyunsaturated fatty acids and other fat-soluble vitamins that have been studied for the production of omega-3 capsules for the pharmaceutical industry, but when the extracted oil does not fit the feeding parameters, it can be applied for the production of biodiesel. Furthermore, fishes are a promising source of astaxanthin, a carotenoid with high antioxidant properties. The use of combined techniques such as chemical and enzymatic methods can increase the extraction yield and favor the obtaining of more purified compounds, in addition to promoting the reduction of chemicals that are aggressive to the environment. In general, conscious production in the fishing industry through the valorization of waste generated for use as inputs for other value chains encompasses aspects of the circular economy, which can positively impact several Sustainable Development Goals. 相似文献
472.
Patrick Riefer Timm Klausmeyer Burkhard Schmidt Andreas Schäffer 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(8):584-599
The incorporation of xenobiotics into soil, especially via covalent bonds or sequestration has a major influence on the environmental behavior including toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability. The incorporation mode of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) into organo-clay complexes has been investigated under a low (8.5 mg MCPA/kg soil) and high (1000 mg MCPA/kg soil) applied concentration, during an incubation period of up to 120 days. Emphasis was laid on the elucidation of distinct covalent linkages between non-extractable MCPA residues and humic sub-fractions (humic acids, fulvic acids, and humin). The cleavage of compounds by a sequential chemical degradation procedure (OH?, BBr3, RuO4, TMAH thermochemolysis) revealed for both concentration levels ester/amide bonds as the predominate incorporation modes followed by ether linkages. A possible influence of the soil microbial activity on the mode of incorporation could be observed in case of the high level samples. Structure elucidation identified MCPA as the only nonextractable substance, whereas the metabolite 4-chloro-2-methylphenol was additionally found as bioavailable and bioaccessible compound. 相似文献
473.
Guangli Xiu Ji Cai Wenying Zhang Danian Zhang Andreas Büeler Shuncheng Lee Yan Shen Lihang Xu Xuejuan Huang Ping Zhang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(19):3145-3154
Size-fractionated particles were collected at two sites from July 2004 to April 2006 in Shanghai. The mercury in particles was extracted and divided operationally into four species: exchangeable particulate mercury (EXPM), HCl-soluble particulate mercury (HPM), elemental particulate mercury (EPM) and residual particulate mercury. The total particulate Hg concentration during the study period ranged from 0.07 ng m?3 to 1.45 ng m?3 with the average 0.56 ± 0.22 ng m?3 at site 1, while 0.20 ng m?3–0.47 ng m?3 with the average 0.33 ± 0.09 ng m?3 at site 2, which is far higher than some foreign cities and comparable to some cities with heavy air pollution in China. The Hg mass content also displayed evident size distribution, with higher value in PM1.6–3.7, somewhat higher or lower than the source profile. EXAM was only found in the summer, HPM have higher percentage in summer and fall rather than in winter and spring. The different mercury species showed different correlation to temperature, relative humidity, wind speed. HPM positively depends on temperature at both sites which implies the importance of mercury transformation on particles. In foggy days TPM increased greatly, but HPM didn't vary greatly as anticipated. Instead, RPM gained a distinguished increase. It demonstrated that aqueous reaction and complex heterogenic reactions in droplet might happen in acidic environment. The correlation of mercury with other pollutants including SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 varies with the different mercury forms. Hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectories (HYSPLIT) model was used to back trace air mass at different representative days and results indicated that transportation from Huabei Plain will increase mercury concentration in winter and fall to some extent. The possible existing compounds and their atmospheric behavior of HPM, EPM and RPM were calculated and the compared to analyze its implication on atmospheric mercury cycle. 相似文献
474.
Mats Gustafsson Göran Blomqvist Anders Gudmundsson Andreas Dahl Per Jonsson Erik Swietlicki 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(31):4699-4702
Accelerated pavement wear is one of the major environmental disadvantages of studded tyres in northern regions and results in increased levels of PM10. Measurements of PM10 in a road simulator hall have been used to study the influence of pavement properties, tyre type and vehicle speed on pavement wear. The test set-up included three different pavements (one granite and two quartzite with different aggregate sizes), three different tyre types (studded, non-studded, and summer tyres) and different speeds (30–70 km h?1). The results show that the granite pavement was more prone to PM10 production compared to the quartzite pavements. Studded winter tyres yield tens of times higher PM10 concentrations compared to non-studded winter tyres. Wear from summer tyres was negligible in comparison. It was also shown that wear is strongly dependent on speed; every 10 km h?1 increase yielded an increase of the PM10 concentration of 680 μg m?3 in one of the simulator experiments. 相似文献
475.
Nicolai D. Jablonowski Stephan Köppchen Andreas Schäffer 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(7):2126-2131
Twenty-two years after the last application of ring-14C-labeled atrazine at customary rate (1.7 kg ha−1) on an agriculturally used outdoor lysimeter, atrazine is still detectable by means of accelerated solvent extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Extractions of the 0-10 cm soil layer yielded 60% of the residual 14C-activity. The extracts contained atrazine (1.0 μg kg−1) and 2-hydroxy-atrazine (42.5 μg kg−1). Extractions of the material of the lowest layer 55-60 cm consisting of fine gravel yielded 93% of residual 14C-activity, of which 3.4 μg kg−1 was detected as atrazine and 17.7 μg kg−1 was 2-hydroxy-atrazine. The detection of atrazine in the lowest layer was of almost four times higher mass than in the upper soil layer. These findings highlight the fact that atrazine is unexpectedly persistent in soil. The overall persistence of atrazine in the environment might represent a potential risk for successive groundwater contamination by leaching even after 22 years of environmental exposure. 相似文献
476.
Gerhard Lammel Jana Klánová Roman Prokeš Andreas Stohl 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(12):3264-3271
On Zugspitze (2670 m a.s.l.), Alps, higher concentrations were observed during a winter than during a summer measurement campaign of PAHs, chlorobenzenes (43.6 vs. 2.0 pg m−3) and DDTs (3.7 vs. 1.2 pg m−3), while hexachlorocyclohexanes and PCBs were found at similar levels. The PCB, HCH and DDT levels are among the lowest ever reported from outside the Arctic. Mostly lower levels were found in samples collected in summer than in winter despite a significant boundary layer air influence, but no such influence on samples collected during the winter campaign. Boundary layer influence was quantified by Lagrangian particle dispersion model retroplume analyses. Photochemical lifetimes corresponding to kOH < 1.5 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 are found for p,p′-DDT, kOH < 0.75 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 for p,p′-DDE and kOH < 1.0 × 10−12 cm3 molec−1 s−1 for p,p′-DDD. 相似文献
477.
Chunyan Liu Jirko Holst Zhisheng Yao Nicolas Brüggemann Klaus Butterbach-Bahl Shenghui Han Xingguo Han Bart Tas Andreas Susenbeth Xunhua Zheng 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(19):3086-3095
We present a methane (CH4) budget for the area of the Baiyinxile Livestock Farm, which comprises approximately 1/3 of the Xilin river catchment in central Inner Mongolia, P.R. China. The budget calculations comprise the contributions of natural sources and sinks as well as sources related to the main land-use in this region (non-nomadic pastoralism) during the growing season (May–September). We identified as important CH4 sources floodplains (mean 1.55 ± 0.97 mg CH4–C m?2 h?1) and domestic ruminants, which are mainly sheep in this area. Within the floodplain significant differences between investigated positions were detected, whereby only positions close-by the river or bayous emitted large amounts of CH4 (mean up to 6.21 ± 1.83 mg CH4–C m?2 h?1). Further CH4 sources were sheepfolds (0.08–0.91 mg CH4–C m?2 h?1) and pasture faeces (1.34 ± 0.22 mg CH4–C g?1 faeces dry weight), but they did not play a significant role for the CH4 budget. In contrast, dung heaps were not a net source of CH4 (0.0 ± 0.2 for an old and 0.0 ± 0.3 μg CH4–C kg?1 h?1 for a new dung heap). Trace gas measurements along two landscape transects (volcano, hill slope) revealed expectedly a mean CH4 uptake (volcano: 76.5 ± 4.3; hill: 28.3 ± 5.3 μg CH4–C m?2 h?1), which is typical for the aerobic soils in this and other steppe ecosystems. The observed fluxes were rarely influenced by topography.The CH4 emissions from the floodplain and the sheep were not compensated by the CH4 oxidation of aerobic steppe soils and thus, this managed semi-arid grassland did not serve as a terrestrial sink, but as a source for this globally important greenhouse gas. The source strength amounted to 1.5–3.6 kg CH4–C ha?1 during the growing season, corresponding to 3.5–8.7 kg C ha?1 yr?1. 相似文献
478.
Eleni?NanouEmail author Chrissanthi?Hountala Argiro?Maganioti Charalabos?Papageorgiou Vassilis?Tsiafakis Andreas?Rabavilas Christos?Capsalis 《The Environmentalist》2009,29(2):205-209
The present study investigated the influence of electromagnetic fields (EMF), similar to that emitted by mobile phones, on
brain activity. Ten women and ten men, matched for age and educational level, performed a short memory task (Wechsler test),
with simultaneous Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings at 15 scalp electrodes, both without (baseline) and with exposure
to an 1,800 MHz signal. The EEG energy was found concentrated at the four basic EEG bands [α (8–13 Hz), β (14–30 Hz), δ (0–4 Hz), and θ (5–7 Hz)]. The analysis revealed that in the presence of EMF, the energy of the β band was significantly greater for females than for males at the majority of the electrodes. Since beta oscillation is associated
with the shift of attention during the perception, these findings may indicate that the particular EMF (1,800 MHz signal)
exerts an influence on this brain activity, which appears to be gender-related. 相似文献
479.
This study deals with regional climate change in five low mountain areas in Eastern Germany and assesses the awareness of
tourism professionals towards climate change, its impact on winter tourism and adaptation options. Favourable conditions for
winter tourism decreased over the last decades in the Saxon low mountain ranges. A change from predominantly snow-based to
a wider variety of winter tourism options appears indispensible as climate models project continuing warming. Diversifying
touristic options provides opportunities to develop new business fields and to attract new target groups. This paper reveals
obstacles and opportunities to adapt and develop winter tourism in the central European low mountain ranges and to increase
the competitiveness of regional tourism. A survey explored the current awareness of representatives of most of the Saxon downhill
skiing areas and of selected winter tourism municipalities towards climate change and its implications on their business.
Awareness is essential to successfully implement adaptation measures. About half of the interviewees were not aware of the
regional changes in natural snow conditions projected for the next 15–20 years. Nevertheless, the majority recognized climate
change as a serious issue. Yet, stakeholders repeatedly emphasized their uncertainty about related scientific facts. They
attributed their perception to mass media reports that suggest a lack of scientific consensus on climate change issues. Adaptation
options for slope-based and general winter tourism are developed and presented, involving ideas of the interviewees. To successfully
move towards adaptation, supply and marketing of alternative offers need to be strengthened. A survey of tourist expectations
is planned to ensure a successful implementation of new (winter) touristic offers in the Saxon mountains. 相似文献
480.
Katrin Quiel Annette Becker Volker Kirchesch Andreas Schöl Helmut Fischer 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):405-421
The effects of changing climatic and socioeconomic conditions on the water quality of the Elbe River were investigated using
the deterministic model QSim. Since the impact of global change on river water quality marks the endpoint of various processes
in the catchment and in the atmosphere, this study was performed within a network of interacting models that determined input
parameters for water quality simulations. The development of phytoplankton and nutrient concentrations under conditions of
global change was modeled along a 700 km stretch of the river. The simulations revealed a strong, scale-dependent effect of
climate change on phytoplankton biomass, leading to a longitudinal shift of the dominating processes (primary productivity
vs. respiration) along the river continuum. Under reduced flow, combined with increasing temperature and global radiation,
phytoplankton biomass increased and phytoplankton maxima shifted in upstream direction, followed by higher system respiration
rates in the adjacent downstream sections. In contrast, higher flow shifted the phytoplankton maximum toward the downstream
sections. Even a drastic reduction of phosphorus inputs from anthropogenic sources had only limited influence on algal biomass,
due to the ability of algal cells to store phosphorus. A strong reduction in P-inputs especially in the headwaters would be
necessary to counterbalance the possible climate-induced effects on algal biomass. 相似文献