Behaviour of endosulfan in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

Residue levels of endosulfan were determined in cabbage heads after being sprayed with a formulation containing the insecticide and upon storage at room temperature (15–27°C) and in a refrigerator (2–5°C). The half-life was calculated to be 4.8 and 5.5 days. Peeling removed the residues by 92%. Similarly, washing and washing followed by cooking removed 72% and 97% residue in cabbage stored at room temperature. These treatments were slightly less effective for samples stored in a refrigerator. Household processes such as peeling, washing, and washing followed by cooking should be regular practice before the vegetables are used.     

Green synthesis,activation and functionalization of adsorbents for dye sequestration

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The release of recalcitrant dyes into the biosphere is a threat because of pollution and environmental health issues. Adsorption using commercial activated carbon...     

Artificially roughened solar air heater: A comparative study

Artificially roughened solar air heater has been topic in research for the last 30 years. Prediction of heat transfer and fluid flow processes of an artificially roughened solar air heater can be obtained by three approaches: theoretical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature on the investigations of artificially roughened solar air heater. In the present article, an attempt has been made to present holistic view of various roughness geometries used for creating artificial roughness in solar air heater for heat transfer enhancement. This extensive review reveals that quite a lot of work has been reported on design of artificially roughened solar air heater by experimental approach but only a few studies have been done by theoretical and CFD approaches. Finally this article presents a comparative study of thermo-hydraulic performance of 21 different types of artificial roughness geometries attached on the absorber plate of solar air heater in terms of thermo-hydraulic performance parameter. Heat transfer and friction factor correlations developed by various investigators for different types of artificially roughened solar air heaters have also been reported in this article.     

A review on recent progress in observations,sources, classification and regulations of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in Asian environments

Natural and human activities generate a significant amount of PM_2.5 (particles ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) into the surrounding atmospheric environments. Because of their small size, they can remain suspended for a relatively longer time in the air than coarse particles and thus can travel long distances in the atmosphere. PM_2.5 is one of the key indicators of pollution and known to cause numerous types of respiratory and lung-related diseases. Due to poor implementation of regulations and a time lag in introducing the vehicle technology, levels of PM_2.5 in most Asian cities are much worse than those in European environments. Dedicated reviews on understanding the characteristics of PM_2.5 in Asian urban environments are currently missing but much needed. In order to fill the existing gaps in the literature, the aim of this review article is to describe dominating sources and their classification, followed by current status and health impact of PM_2.5, in Asian countries. Further objectives include a critical synthesis of the topics such as secondary and tertiary aerosol formation, chemical composition, monitoring and modelling methods, source apportionment, emissions and exposure impacts. The review concludes with the synthesis of regulatory guidelines and future perspectives for PM_2.5 in Asian countries. A critical synthesis of literature suggests a lack of exposure and monitoring studies to inform personal exposure in the household and rural areas of Asian environments.     

Development of nanoemulsion from Vitex negundo L. essential oil and their efficacy of antioxidant,antimicrobial and larvicidal activities (Aedes aegypti L.)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - It is believed that nanoemulsions were emerged as a promising candidate to improve the qualities of natural essential oil towards antimicrobial and...     

中国的能源与环境——经济发展的两大制约因素

中国成功实现了所占全球经济份额的快速增加，但在全球能源消耗方面，中国所占的份额增长更为迅速。由于劳动生产率得以提高，中国保持了较高的经济增速，同时减缓了能源需求的增速。作为全球第二大能源消耗国，中国可望进一步参与国际能源政策磋商，提供与其地位相称的、充分的能源供求数据，以便增强全球能源市场的可预测性。笔者认为，能源和相关的环境影响可能制约中国的经济增长。根据国际经验，本文揭示了有助于中国实现可持续增长的“不可见的”市场信号和“可见”的政府政策。本文还对亚洲开发银行（亚行）可以提供援助的领域做了简要的介绍。[编者按]     

Some industrial effluents in Durgapur and their impact on the Damodar river

The industrial waste effluents from two industries of Durgapur have been traced along the course of Tamla Nalah at selected sites up to its confluence with the Damodar river and downstream. There are evidences of contamination of the river with toxic pollutants—ammonia, phenol, cyanide, sulphide, and trace mercury from Tamla Nalah. The upstream river water (Durgapur barrage), which is believed to be fairly pure, is actually not much better than the downstream river water. Monitoring data for about a year are presented and discussed.     

Phytotoxicity of copper fungicides to guava fruits

The copper fungicides viz., Bordeaux mixture, stabilized Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride were found phytotoxic to guava fruits, while carbendazim, benomyl and mancozeb were non-phytotoxic. Bordeaux mixture was highly phytotoxic and caused heavy russetting, followed by stabilized Bordeaux mixture and then copper oxychloride. The higher concentrations of these fungicides were more toxic than their lower doses. Russetted fruits failed to attain normal size and thus reduced the quality of fruits to a greater extent.