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101.
Amal Chandra Das Hemanta Nayek Arunabha Chakravarty 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7453-7459
An experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of two systemic herbicides, viz. pendimethalin (a dinitroaniline) and quizalofop (an arylphenoxy propionic acid) at their recommended field application rates (1.0?kg and 50?g active ingredient per hectare, respectively), either separately or in a combination, on growth and activities of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in relation to their effects on biochemical transformations and availability of organic carbon, total and available phosphorus in a Typic Haplustept soil of West Bengal, India. Application of herbicides, in general, significantly stimulated the growth and activities of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms which increased microbial biomass resulting in higher accumulation of oxidizable organic carbon, total and available phosphorus in soil as compared to untreated control. The combined application of both the herbicides highly stimulated the proliferations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms, while pendimethalin alone significantly accentuated phosphate-solubilizing capacities 36.4% as compared to untreated control and retained highest amount of total phosphorus due to greater microbial activities in soil. The separate application of quizalofop also manifested an induced effect on the proliferations of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms and accounted significant amounts of organic carbon and available phosphorus in the soil system. The results of the present study thus indicated that the cited herbicides at their field application rates can be safely used to eradicate weeds in the crop fields. 相似文献
102.
Subham Mookerjee Abhishek Jaiswal Prasenjit Batabyal Marc H. Einsporn Ruben J. Lara Banwarilal Sarkar Sucharit Basu Neogi Anup Palit 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6241-6250
The Gangetic delta is a century-old cholera endemic belt where the role of riverine–estuarine ecosystem in cholera transmission has never been elucidated. Seasonality, distribution, and abundance of environmental Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 and vibriophage in Hooghly riverine–estuarine environment and their correlation with cholera incidence pattern in West Bengal, India, have been analyzed for the first time across summer, monsoon, and winter months. A total of 146 water samples collected from two sites of the Hooghly River (Howrah and Diamond Harbour) were analyzed physicochemically along with cultivable Vibrio count (CVC), V. cholerae O1/O139, and vibriophages. V. cholerae O1 was detected in 56 (38.3 %) samples, while 66 (45.2 %) were positive for V. cholerae O1 phages. Flood tide, water temperature (31?±?1.6 °C), and turbidity (≥250 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU)) significantly stimulated V. cholerae and vibriophage abundance in riverine ecosystem. Solitary existence of V. cholerae O1 and phages (p?0.0001) in aquatic environment divulges the dominance of either of the entity (V. cholerae O1 or V. cholerae O1 Φ) on the other. Significant association (p?0.05) between Kolkata cholera cases and V. cholerae O1 in aquatic environment implies the role of riverine–estuarine ecosystem in cholera transmission. A “biomonitoring tool” of physicochemical stimulants, tidal, and climatic variants has been proposed collating V. cholerae and phage dynamics that can forewarn any impending cholera outbreak. 相似文献
103.
The agriculture industry is significantly exposed to the impacts of climate change, and is also responsible for contributing extensive greenhouse gas emissions. As a way of responding to both adaptation and mitigation challenges within the industry, this article examines how community-based climate change adaptation initiatives might provide mitigation outcomes in the agriculture sector in Timor-Leste. Beginning with an exploration of nation-wide institutional responses to climate change, the study utilises interviews, field observations and document analysis to examine an extensive community-based adaptation program in two districts in Timor-Leste focused on increasing the resilience of the agriculture sector and the livelihoods of poor rural farmers. Analysis of this program reveals a largely synergistic relationship between adaptation measures focused on land and water management and agriculture and their corresponding greenhouse gas mitigation potential, including co-benefits such as soil/atmospheric carbon sequestration, reduced emissions, soil nitrification and reduced use of inorganic fertilisers. Community-based adaptation programs in the agriculture sector have a significant influence on mitigation outcomes, which is often overlooked in community-based programs. The adaptation program in Timor-Leste has provided useful insights into the inter-relationships between adaptation and mitigation at the community level, which could be further supported and scaled-up in other Southeast Asia countries and elsewhere. 相似文献
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108.
Potential of Hemidesmus indicus for phytoextraction of lead from industrially contaminated soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Many sites in the industrial region of Kattedan near Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (AP), India are contaminated with high concentrations of lead. The use of plants to remove toxic metals from soils (phytoremediation) is emerging as a potential strategy for cost-effective and environmentally sound remediation of contaminated soils. We studied remediation of soils contaminated with lead using a lead hyperaccumulating plant, Hemidesmus indicus. The ability of this plant to accumulate lead in shoots and roots was studied with pot experiments. The results showed that accumulation was maximum in roots for the first 1-3 weeks and later for a contact period of three months, the accumulation rate was maximum in shoots. In addition we used various chelating agents such as EDTA, HEDTA, DTPA and CDTA to determine the best chemical modifier for efficient lead removal from contaminated soils. The effect on lead accumulation of plant in the presence of various metal co-ions was also studied. An attempt was made for the decontamination of lead from five different "Real-life" soils of Kattedan using H. indicus. 相似文献
109.
The relative sensitivity of tannery effluent before and after treatment was compared by employing Nostoc muscorum and microtox assay in laboratory. The effect on chlorophyll, protein and biomass content of Nostoc muscorum was studied with the luminescent property inhibition of Photobacterium phosphorium and compared with algal bioassay. The results of microtox assay after 5, 15 and 30 min of exposure were compared with data obtained from algal bioassay. It was observed that the luminescent property of Photobacterium phosphorium in microtox assay as well as the chlorophyll content of Nostoc muscorum in algal assay were the most sensitive parameters in toxicity evaluation of tannery effluent. The microtox assay produced notably comparable EC50 values with that of algal bioassay. The microtox assay of toxicity showed that EC50 (%) in 30 min was 3.19 and 63.49 for untreated and treated tannery effluent, respectively while in algal bioassay the EC50 for chlorophyll was in between 0-2.5% and 100%, respectively, in untreated and treated effluent. More than 60% reduction of toxicity was noted in treated tannery effluent in both test system. 相似文献
110.
Sarita Sinha Manisha Gupta Prakash Chandra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1994,33(1):75-84
Accumulation of Cu and Cd by Vallisneria spiralis was studied under laboratory conditions. Plants showed ability to reduce 5 µg ml–1 Cu background concentration to below 0.05 µg ml–1 (m.p.l., WHO 1985) within 48 h. The Cd concentration of 1.0 µg ml–1 was reduced to below m.p.l. (0.005 µg ml–1) in 168 h. Cysteine synthesis was more under Cd stress condition. Both the metals were toxic to the plants at higher concentrations; more in the case of Cd.NBRI Rsearch Publication No. 417 (N.S.). 相似文献