全文获取类型
收费全文 | 628篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 65篇 |
废物处理 | 12篇 |
环保管理 | 147篇 |
综合类 | 72篇 |
基础理论 | 115篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 175篇 |
评价与监测 | 26篇 |
社会与环境 | 26篇 |
灾害及防治 | 5篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 94篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 25篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 31篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有644条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
541.
542.
Peter J. Cooper Author Vitae Author Vitae Linda Andersen Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(2):129-136
Introduction
Induced exposure has a long history of development and usage in traffic safety research but a major question has always concerned the extent to which the accumulation of culpable and non-culpable involvements can be considered independent.Method
Culpability assessments of 32,630 vehicles' crash-claim involvements adjudicated by insurance adjusters were matched with vehicle odometer readings taken at emission testing using consistent identification of vehicles and principal operators over a 5-year period.Result
It was found that the accumulation of culpable crash involvements was not entirely independent of that for non-culpable involvements. However, the rate of non-culpable involvements was determined to be an acceptable surrogate for travel exposure rate where sample sizes were large.Discussion
The relationship between the rate of non-culpable involvements and the rate of travel exposure for data subsets when both were normalized by the overall sample rates was reminiscent of an accident-volume curve for roadway locations in traffic engineering theory. This suggested that only a portion of non-culpable involvements actually related directly to travel and this lead to a correction factor that could be applied.Impact on Industry
While lack of independence of involvement rates may be problematic for a direct risk ratio application, it does not invalidate the use of non-culpable involvements to predict travel. For insurers that have a need to estimate travel amounts for different driver/vehicle groups as part of the insurance rating purposes, this can be a useful application. 相似文献543.
Church CD Kleinman PJ Bryant RB Saporito LS Allen AL 《Journal of environmental quality》2010,39(6):2080-2088
Little is known about the fate of arsenic (As) in land-applied litter from chickens that have been fed roxarsone, an organic feed additive containing As. This study seeks to elucidate the transfer of As in runoff from ditch-drained soils of the poultry-producing region of the Delmarva Peninsula by tracking As and phosphorus (P) export from seven drainage ditches over two water-years (1 July 2005 to 30 June 2007). Annual losses of As from ditches ranged from 0.004 to 0.071 kg ha(-1) while P losses ranged from 0.33 to 18.56 kg ha(-1), with the largest loads associated with a litter storage shed that served as a point source. Event-based As and P losses in ditch flow fluctuated by a factor of 162 and 1882, respectively. The two elements were correlated in flow from the ditch draining a litter storage shed (r = 0.99), and in sediment extracts in soils near the litter shed (r = 0.73), pointing to similar behavior under point source conditions. Indeed, As and P exhibited similar behavior within storms for all ditches, characterized by relatively high initial concentrations subject to rapid concentration declines before peak flow, consistent with dilution of a finite source. However, As and P concentrations varied significantly between ditches and showed considerable temporal variability within ditches, with no clear seasonal trends or associations with current management strategies. The results suggest that similar management strategies might be effective for As and P point sources, but that field management practices geared toward controlling nonpoint source P losses may not readily transfer to the control of As losses. 相似文献
544.
Bowyer TW Biegalski SR Cooper M Eslinger PW Haas D Hayes JC Miley HS Strom DJ Woods V 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(7):681-687
We report on the first measurements of short-lived gaseous fission products detected outside of Japan following the Fukushima nuclear releases, which occurred after a 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011. The measurements were conducted at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), (46°16′47″N, 119°16′53″W) located more than 7000 km from the emission point in Fukushima Japan (37°25′17″N, 141°1′57″E). First detections of 133Xe were made starting early March 16, only four days following the earthquake. Maximum concentrations of 133Xe were in excess of 40 Bq/m3, which is more than ×40,000 the average concentration of this isotope is this part of the United States. 相似文献
545.
Noriko Iwamoto Akira Nishiyama Arantzazu Eiguren-Fernandez William Hinds Yoshito Kumagai John R. Froines Arthur K. Cho Masaru Shinyashiki 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(12):1483-1489
Ambient vapor-phase samples collected in Riverside, California had shown that both redox and electrophilic activity were present, with the vapor phase containing higher levels of electrophiles than the particle phase. In this study, the biochemical effects of the vapor-phase electrophiles were examined using the purified thiol proteins, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and KELCH-1 like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The results demonstrated that the thiol proteins were inactivated by the vapor-phase samples through covalent modifications. Next, two cellular responses, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), to the ambient vapor-phase samples were assessed in A549 and RAW 264.7 cell lines, respectively. The vapor-phase samples, at non-oxidative concentrations, increased phosphorylation of EGFR, which is negatively regulated by PTP1B, and its downstream MAP kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Activation of Nrf2, which requires Keap1 alkylation, and expression of its downstream proteins were also observed. The electrophilic compounds present in ambient vapor-phase were shown to modify cellular proteins through covalent modification and to activate diverse cellular responses that can lead to inflammatory and adaptive responses. 相似文献
546.
With the rapid growth of electronic waste (e-waste), policies that aim to effectively manage this waste stream have been introduced
globally in recent years. Seattle, Washington, has been on the forefront of introducing policies to divert e-waste from the
landfills and maximize recycling. With the introduction of the Take-it-Back-Network, a solid recycling infrastructure has
existed in the Greater Seattle region since 2003. In 2009, the E-Cycle Washington program took into effect and now allows
recyclers to offer free recycling of certain e-waste to households and small entities. Although policies to divert e-waste
from the landfill to reuse and recycling is effective, there is also a need to analyze the current regional recycling infrastructure’s
capacity to handle changing equipment and material quantities. This study aims to characterize the Seattle regional e-waste
management capacity, with a focus on retired monitors as an example of a changing e-waste technology. We investigated waste
computer monitor recycling in the Greater Seattle region, which includes the counties of King, Pierce, Snohomish, and Kitsap.
Interviews were conducted on 20 collectors, 1 handler, and 2 processors to collect information on their business models, computer
monitor management processes, and collection/processing quantities. Using this information, we summarize the material flows
of end-of-life (EOL) cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors in the region, both from the qualitative
and quantitative perspective. 相似文献
547.
Breast milk samples from 40 first-time mothers from the Pacific Northwest of the US and Canada were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Total PBDEs (summation operator PBDEs), calculated by summing values for the 12 PBDEs congeners analyzed, ranged from 6 to 321 ppb (lipid weight) (mean=96 ppb; median=50 ppb). In approximately 40% of the women (15/40), summation operator PBDEs>100 ppb lw in their milk, and four samples had levels >250 ppb lw. PBDE 47 was the dominant congener in most samples, whereas PBDE 153 was predominant in a few (3/40). summation operator PCBs were calculated by summing values for the 82 PCB congeners analyzed, and ranged from 49 to 415 ppb (lipid weight) (mean=147 ppb; median=126 ppb). approximately 30% of the mothers (13/40) have summation operator PBDEs> summation operator PCBs in their milk samples, and approximately 65% (25/40) have BDE 47>PCB 153 in breast milk samples, with BDE 47 averaging 3-fold greater levels than PCB 153. Clearly, the lower brominated PBDEs are surpassing PCBs as a major environmental concern in North America, and are likely affecting significant portions of the populations in these regions. PBDEs have become a major persistent organic pollutant. However, there are no positive correlations between levels of summation operator PBDEs and summation operator PCBs, or between levels of PBDE 47 and PCB 153, suggesting there may be some differences in exposure pathways for PBDEs and PCBs in humans. 相似文献
548.
Social monogamy and extra-pair fertilization in an Australian lizard, Tiliqua rugosa 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C. Michael Bull Steven J. B. Cooper Ben C. Baghurst 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,44(1):63-72
This study investigates social monogamy in the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa. At a 70-ha site near Mount Mary, South Australia, we radio tracked 55 adult female and 39 adult male lizards during their
spring activity periods. Each lizard was observed in 1–5 years. Females were observed with a single male partner on an average
of 10.8 days per year, although in 17.3% of cases, females were observed on 2 or fewer days with a male. The most intense
pairing period each year was 15 September–15 November when females were with male partners on an average of 36% of observation
days. Partnerships lasted an average of 43.3 days each year. After mating in early November, the pairs separated. Observations
of females pairing with other males were rare. Most males (82%) were also consistently monogamous, although 7 were observed
pairing with 2 females within one season. To investigate paternity, we allowed 21 gravid females to give birth to 42 offspring
in the laboratory. We determined genotypes at five polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci for the females, their male partners
and their offspring. Four litters (19%) and 6 of the offspring from those litters (14.3%) showed evidence of extra-pair fertilization
(EPF). Although the sample sizes are small, females of polygynous males were more likely to experience EPF.
Received: 22 February 1998 / Accepted after revision: 23 May 1998 相似文献
549.
Xuelu Gao Fengxia Zhou Hon-Kit Lui Jiann-Yuh Lou Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Wen Zhuang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(11):10494-10503
The concentration and geochemical fractionation of six trace metals related with environmental quality assessment, namely Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in 30 surface sediments from both inshore and offshore areas of the Taiwan Strait were measured to investigate their distribution characteristics, evaluate their potential mobility, and assess their pollution status. The geoaccumulation index results indicated that, on average, the studied metals presented an order of Cd?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Cr and were practically in uncontaminated status except Cd. The results of the sequential extraction analysis indicated that, on average, the studied metals were mostly accumulated in residual fraction except Cd whose concentration was the highest in the acid soluble fraction presenting a high risk to the environment, and their mobility decreased in the sequence of Cd?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Cu?>?Zn?>?Cr. Based on the mean probable effect level quotients, the combination of the studied metals had an 8 % probability of being toxic at two sampling sites and had a 21 % probability of being toxic at the rest of sites. The spatial distribution of the studied metals in total concentrations and different geochemical fractions corroborated the previous findings about the possible sediment transportation routes in and around the Taiwan Strait. 相似文献
550.