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排序方式: 共有113条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Masto RE Chhonkar PK Singh D Patra AK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,136(1-3):419-435
Soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. Our objective
was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (FYM), and crop management
practices on a semiarid Inceptisol in India. Soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure,
and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) near New
Delhi were used. Plots receiving optimum NPK, super optimum NPK and optimum NPK + FYM had better values for all the parameters
analyzed. Biological, chemical, and physical soil quality indicator data were transformed into scores (0 to 1) using both
linear and non-linear scoring functions, and combined into soil quality indices using unscreened transformations, regression
equation, or principal component analysis (PCA). Long-term application of optimum inorganic fertilizers (NPK) resulted in
higher soil quality ratings for all methods, although the highest values were obtained for treatment, which included FYM.
Correlations between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and the various soil quality indices showed the best relationship (highest r) between yield and a PCA-derived SQI.
Differences in SQI values suggest that the control (no NPK, no manure) and N only treatments were degrading, while soils receiving
animal manure (FYM) or super optimum NPK fertilizer had the best soil quality, respectively. Lower ratings associated with
the N only and NP treatments suggest that one of the most common soil management practices in India may not be sustainable.
A framework for soil quality assessment is proposed. 相似文献
32.
Statistical assessment of water quality data, obtained at the South Florida Water Management District (West Palm Beach, Florida) S-65E structure, illustrated significant differences and inconsistency in nutrient concentrations (Daas and Ebadian, 2003). The evaluation showed that currently used water sampling techniques are inadequate because of deficiencies in functionality and sensitivity to flow conditions at the structure. Moreover, the study indicated the need for a more precise sampling technology, which would consider variations in the velocity profile across the water column during the sampling process. Therefore, a new prototype sampling technology was designed and tested in a pilot open channel. The new sampler had the capability to collect discrete aliquot volumes of water samples that are proportional to the corresponding point velocity at each of these depths. The discrete aliquot volumes were blended to provide an integrated sample that captures the variations in the velocity profile. 相似文献
33.
Kumar A Kumar B Arora MP 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(3):339-342
Adult male rose ringed parakeets were exposed to very long photoperiod (22 hr L: 2 hr D) and very short photoperiod (2 hr L: 22 hr D) daily for 60 days during different phases of the annual testicular cycle. Adrenal activities of the experimental birds were compared with that of parallel held natural photoperiodic birds. Marked atrophy of adrenocortical cells was noted in the glands of long photoperiod (22 hr L:2 hr D) during different phases, i.e., post-breeding, quiescent and pre-breeding phases of annual gonadal cycle. The atrophied cells were not uniformly distributed in different groups of long photoperiod responsive birds. During pre-breeding, post-breeding and quiescent phases marked atrophy of the adrenocortical cells were restricted to the sub capsular zone of the gland. The cytometric and karyometric studies also revealed significant decrease in the cortical cord width and diameter of nuclei in the cortical cells in either subcapsular zone in the gland of long photoperiodic birds considered for treatment during pre-breeding, post-breeding and quiescent phase or in both the sub capsular zone and the inner zone. The cytometric and karyometric values did not show any change from control birds. 相似文献
34.
Simon P. Boilard Paul R. Amyotte Faisal I. Khan Ashok G. Dastidar Rolf K. Eckhoff 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(6):1646-1654
Explosibility of micron- and nano-titanium was determined and compared according to explosion severity and likelihood using standard dust explosion equipment. ASTM methods were followed using a Siwek 20-L explosion chamber, MIKE 3 apparatus and BAM oven. The explosibility parameters investigated for both size ranges of titanium include explosion severity (maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) and size-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (KSt)) and explosion likelihood (minimum explosible concentration (MEC), minimum ignition energy (MIE) and minimum ignition temperature (MIT)). Titanium particle sizes were ?100 mesh (<150 μm), ?325 mesh (<45 μm), ≤20 μm, 150 nm, 60–80 nm, and 40–60 nm. The results show a significant increase in explosion severity as the particle size decreases from ?100 mesh with an apparent plateau being reached at ?325 mesh and ≤20 μm. Micron-size explosion severity could not be compared with that for nano-titanium due to pre-ignition of the nano-powder in the 20-L chamber. The likelihood of an explosion increases significantly as the particle size decreases into the nano range. Nano-titanium is very sensitive and can self-ignite under the appropriate conditions. The explosive properties of the nano-titanium can be suppressed by adding nano-titanium dioxide to the dust mixture. Safety precautions and procedures for the nano-titanium are also discussed. 相似文献
35.
Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis for determination of monensin in environmental samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is growing concern that antibiotic use in livestock production is contributing to contamination of soil and aquatic environments. Monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, accounts for approximately 13% of total subtherapeutic livestock antibiotic usage in the USA and has been widely detected in aquatic environments. Due to insufficient ultraviolet absorbance, liquid chromatography analysis of monensin in environmental samples is limited to equipment with mass spectrometry (e.g., liquid chomatography-mass spectrometry [LC-MS]). However, LC-MS equipment is costly, and extensive sample preparation and clean-up is often required. Rapid, low-cost analytical techniques are needed to monitor for monensin residues in the environment. In this study, a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting monensin in animal feed extracts was evaluated for determination of monensin in water, soil, and manure. The monensin ELISA was highly sensitive, with limits of detection and quantification at 1.5 and 3.0 microg L(-1), respectively. Recovery of monensin in spiked water samples was approximately 100%. Cross-reactivity was not observed with similar polyether ionophores, tetracyclines, macrolides, or sulfonamides. Concentrations of monensin using ELISA were greater than concentrations measured with LC-MS. This is attributed to cross-reactivity of the monensin ELISA toward structurally similar monensin compounds, such as factors (slight naturally produced structural variants) and metabolites. Results from this study showed that ELISA can be a reliable, rapid, and low-cost alternative to LC-MS analysis of environmental samples. 相似文献
36.
Using farm level data we evaluate the input use and environmental effects of revenue insurance. A priori, the moral hazard effect on input use is indeterminate. This paper empirically assesses the input use impact of the increasingly popular, and federally subsidized, risk management instrument of revenue insurance and the extent to which its effects on input use may differ from those of the older yield based instruments. We conclude that among winter wheat farmers, those who purchase revenue insurance tend to spend less on fertilizers but do not appreciably alter pesticide expenditures. Thus, any improved environmental outcomes due to crop insurance are likely due to reduced fertilizer not pesticide use. When the environmental indicators included indicated a potential environmental fragility (i.e. high erosion, pesticide leaching or pesticide runoff potential), the input use equation suggested that fertilizer expenditures decreased. Revenue insurance undoubtedly further reduces fertilizer applications on these fields as well, but the marginal environmental benefit of revenue insurance is lessened because the reduction, where it matters most, accrues on land on which fertilizer use has already been curtailed to some degree. 相似文献
37.
Rakesh Yadav Sadhana Dwivedi Sandeep Kumar Ashok Chaudhury 《Food and environmental virology》2010,2(2):53-63
Food and environmental virology has become a very important and interesting area of research because of food safety and public
health concerns. During the last few decades, increasing foodborne diseases and environmental generated illnesses are considered
to be highly challenging issues. Biosensor technology holds great promise for the healthcare market, and the security sector.
Similar to clinical diagnostic tools, biosensors are being developed for the rapid, reliable, yet inexpensive identification
and enumeration of pathogenic viruses which are adulterating environment, food and feed commodities. In this modern era, bio-and
nano-technologies play a pivotal role in virological diagnostics of food industry, environmental and veterinary samples. This
review covers the recent advances and future prospects of nanotechnology-based bioanalytical microsystems for food and environmental
virology. 相似文献
38.
Ashutosh Bahugun Madhuri K. Lily Ashok Munjal Ravindra N. Singh Koushalya Dangwal 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):975-982
A new bacterial strain DMT-7 capable of selectively desulfurizing dibenzothiophene (DBT) was isolated from diesel contaminated
soil. The DMT-7 was characterized and identified as Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 (NCBI GenBank Accession No. GQ496620)
using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The desulfurized product of DBT, 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP), was identified and
confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis respectively.
The desulfurization kinetics revealed that DMT-7 started desulfurization of DBT into 2HBP after the lag phase of 24 hr, exponentially
increasing the accumulation of 2HBP up to 15 days leading to approximately 60% desulfurization of the DBT. However, further growth
resulted into DBT degradation. The induced culture of DMT-7 showed shorter lag phase of 6 hr and early onset of stationary phase
within 10 days for desulfurization as compared to that of non-induced culture clearly indicating the inducibility of the desulfurization
pathway of DMT-7. In addition, Lysinibacillus sphaericus DMT-7 also possess the ability to utilize broad range of substrates as sole
source of sulfur such as benzothiophene, 3,4-benzo DBT, 4,6-dimethyl DBT, and 4,6-dibutyl DBT. Therefore, Lysinibacillus sphaericus
DMT-7 could serve as model system for efficient biodesulfurization of diesel and petrol. 相似文献
39.
Chinnamuthu Nandakumar Ganapathy Saravanan Chidambaram Malaiperumal Vikneswaran Varuvel Edwin Geo Raman Vallinayagam Boologarajan Poonguzhali Kannan Ashok 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):33866-33879
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aims to enhance the turbulence of direct injection (DI) diesel engine by modifying the inlet manifold design with an inclined nozzle-like... 相似文献
40.
Jarvin Mariyadhas Kumar Sundararajan Ashok Rosaline Daniel Rani Foletto Edson Luiz Dotto Guilherme Luiz Inbanathan Savariroyan Stephen Rajkumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(38):57330-57344
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a simple green method using a toxic agent-free route for photocatalytic purposes,... 相似文献