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排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Accumulation of mercury and its effect on antioxidant enzymes in brain, liver, and kidneys of mice. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
S Hussain A Atkinson S J Thompson A T Khan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1999,34(4):645-660
The effect of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and its effect on glutathione (GSH) content were evaluated in different organs (liver, kidneys, and brain) of mice after administration at 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The uptake of mercury shows that the kidneys accumulated the highest levels of mercury compare to brain and liver. The enzyme levels varied in mercury treated organs compare to control. A dose dependent increase of antioxidant enzymes occurred in the liver and kidneys. The increase in enzyme activities correlated with highest mercury accumulation in the kidneys and liver. Mercury is known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo and in vitro, therefore, it is likely that enzyme activities increased to scavenge ROS levels produced as a result of mercury accumulation. Glutathione content increased in liver and kidneys of mercury treated mice compare to control. The results showed that the highest oral dose of mercury significantly increased antioxidant enzymes in kidneys and liver. The increased antioxidant enzymes enhance the antioxidant potential of the organs to reduce oxidative stress. 相似文献
42.
Foster WG Gregorovich S Morrison KM Atkinson SA Kubwabo C Stewart B Teo K 《Chemosphere》2011,84(10):1301-1309
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), widely used as flame retardants in commercial products, have become ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Although adult human exposure to PBDEs is well documented, developmental exposure is less well characterized. The objectives of this study were to measure maternal and fetal exposure to nine PBDE congeners and to investigate potential associations with birth weight. PBDE congeners were quantified in maternal serum at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, delivery, and umbilical cord serum (UCS) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Complete blood sample sets were obtained from 97 pregnant women (mean age 33.1 ± 0.5 years). PBDE-28, -47 and -99 were quantified in all samples tested and PBDE-47 was the most abundant congener measured in both maternal (mid-pregnancy and delivery samples geometric mean = 26.9 and 26.9, respectively) and UCS (GM = 56.0 ng g−1 lipid). The UCS concentration for all congeners with the exception of PBDE-153 was higher vs. maternal delivery samples (p < 0.001). Only the UCS concentration of PBDE-17 and -99 were significantly associated (β = −49.860, p = 0.032, and β = −3.645, p = 0.05) with birth weight. However, after adjustment for potential confounders only the association between PBDE-99 and birth weight remained significant (β = −3.951 and p = 0.016). We conclude that: the fetus is exposed to PBDEs from at least the second trimester of pregnancy onward; PBDE congeners are higher in UCS compared to maternal serum samples collected at delivery; and that developmental PBDE exposure is potentially associated with lower birth weight. 相似文献
43.
D. S. F. Atkinson W. Strauss 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1114-1118
Droplet sizes in venturi scrubbers using water, water and detergent, and water-propan-1-ol mixtures have been measured using a stroboscopic-photographic method. Droplet sizes for water and water-detergent systems are not significantly different, although much smaller droplets are formed when water-propanol mixtures are used. The better particle collection claimed for water-detergent systems is probably due to the subsequent break-up of bubbles found in the water-detergent system into microdroplets, or better particle-droplet adherence. The classical Nukiyama-Tanasawa equation commonly used for predicting the Sauter mean diameter of droplets (and in turn, collection efficiency) in venturi scrubbers, which has surface tension as a critical parameter, is only approximately applicable to water and water-alcohol mixtures and not to water-detergent mixtures. 相似文献
44.
45.
Wang D Atkinson S Hoover-Miller A Lee SE Li QX 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(1):268-280
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, heptachlor and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were analyzed in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) tissues collected from the Gulf of Alaska during 2000-2001. summation SigmaPCBs (16-728 ng/gl w) and summation SigmaDDTs (14-368 ng/gl w) were the predominant pollutants followed by summation operatorHCHs (0.56-93 ng/gl w) and heptachlor (相似文献
46.
MacroinvertebrateassemblagesofsurfaceminewetlandsofSouthwestVirginia,USA¥DavidH.Jones;RobertB.Atkinson;JohnCairns,Jr.(Departm... 相似文献
47.
Damage caused by the 2005 Buncefield explosion indicates pressures in excess of 2000 mbar over all of the area covered by the vapour cloud. Such high overpressures are normally associated with high (super-sonic) rates of flame spread. On the other hand, evidence from witnesses, building damage analysis and CCTV cameras all suggest the average rate of progress of the explosion flame front was only around 150 m/s.The high overpressures in the cloud and low average rate of flame advance can be reconciled if the rate of flame advance was episodic, with periods of very rapid combustion being punctuated by pauses when the flame advanced very slowly. The widespread high overpressures were caused by the rapid phases of combustion; the low average speed of advance was caused by the pauses.Mechanisms of flame spread through radiative ignition of particulates ahead of the flame front provide possible explanations for such unusual episodic behaviour.The first part of this paper reviews a wide range of empirical evidence on average flame speed and rate of blast pressure increase.The second part explores the theoretical consequences of forward radiation and how the new theory might be developed into a practical means of assessment. 相似文献
48.
Scott E Atkinson Donald H Lewis 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1974,1(3):237-250
A number of linear programming models purport to minimize the costs of emission control to achieve ambient air quality standards. Many of the simulations incorporate the simplifying assumption that improvements in ambient air quality are proportional to reductions in regional emissions. This approach minimizes the cost of mass emission reduction, but not the cost to achieve a prescribed ambient air quality. The costs of this emissions least-cost strategy are compared to an ambient least-cost strategy which does achieve prescribed ambient air quality at minimum cost. The cost saving achieved by this strategy relative to the emissions least-cost strategy is as much as 50670. In addition, both are compared to a strategy typical of those currently used by the states, which is found to be as much as ten times as expensive as the ambient least-cost strategy. 相似文献
49.
John J. Gagliardi Don Kim Jennifer J. Sokol Larry A. Zazzera Vincent D. Romero Matthew R. Atkinson Faisal Nabulsi Harry Zhang 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2013,15(3):348-354
An alternative, and potentially better, means to process prime LED sapphire wafers is proposed. A brief history of material removal mechanisms suggests that brittle materials can be abraded in a ductile regime and that this can be a superior mode of removal. Advantages in material removal rate, surface finish and subsurface damage for a 2-body ductile removal of sapphire are shown relative to 3-body material removal. A major difficulty with this approach may be getting the LED manufacturing industry to understand that the appearance of the sapphire surface is quite different, unfamiliar yet predictable. Finally, some potential alternative process approaches are discussed that utilize 2-body material removal. 相似文献
50.
The development of effective fire-fighting strategies for warehouses storing large quantities of toxic chemicals depends on an understanding of the uncontrolled combustion of such toxics. This paper describes an experimental system for studying fires of this kind. Results are presented from a test programme involving fires with rates of convective heat release in the range 3–30 kW and four organophosphorus pesticides. This work on the combustion chemistry of toxic materials is part of a wider study, involving a number of laboratories, into other inter-related aspects of warehouse fires. The significance of the results for hazard assessment and emergency planning is considered. 相似文献