红浅稠油污水回用锅炉处理技术研究与应用

文章介绍了红浅稠油污水处理站采用的"离子调整旋流反应+216t/h软化水"处理工艺,该工艺创新性的采用了分置式反应罐,将混凝、反应、加药、沉降、颗粒吸附有机结合,优选出高效的污水处理药剂,首次在新疆油田公司污水处理工艺中应用改性纤维束过滤器和216t/h软化水处理装置,优化了各节点的配套工艺,使处理后的污水水质达到回用锅炉水质标准,取得了良好的效果。同时,通过对加药浓度、隔油、反冲洗周期等参数优化,保证了红浅稠油污水回用锅炉处理系统的平稳运行,累计处理回用污水约730万m3,有效地节约了水资源,保护了环境,综合效益显著。     

用微电极测定曝气量对SBR系统中硝化作用的影响

为了研究曝气量对硝化作用的影响,实验采用3个相同的SBR装置,分别在曝气量为4、10和16 L/h的条件下处理人工污水,并采用自制的溶解氧、NO3-、NH4+和pH微电极测定了活性污泥絮体内部微元环境中相应基质的浓度。结果表明,曝气量为4 L/h时,活性污泥絮体内存在厌氧微区,NO3--N浓度减小了,发生了反硝化作用;而曝气量为10 L/h和16 L/h时,活性污泥絮体内发生的都是硝化反应,且NH4+-N浓度的减小量、NO3--N浓度的增大量都随着曝气量的增大而增大,pH随着曝气量的增大而减小。     

"二重源解析"技术及其系统实现

化学质量平衡是被广泛用于空气质量管理的受体模型之一.由于混合源(城市扬尘)和单一源因颗粒物源谱的严重共线性,采用美国环境保护署推荐使用的EPA-CMB8.2,无法定量解析出各排放源初始态和扬尘态颗粒物的贡献值和分担率.针对这一问题,完善和规范了"二重源解析"技术原理,开发了具有"二重源解析"功能的NKCMB3.0.对鞍山市样品污染物来源解析的试验结果表明,"二重源解析"技术在对混合源和单一源同时进行源解析时是有效的.     

高效铁系除臭剂净化制药污泥带滤间恶臭的工程应用研究

在实验室条件下考察了自制高效铁系除臭剂的吸附性能,确定出了最佳工艺条件。将该除臭剂应用于制药厂污水处理污泥带滤间的恶臭气体净化,设计了废气处理量为11 000 m³/h的吸附净化系统。工程实际运行效果良好,H₂S去除率可达97％以上。结果表明：该除臭剂对于处理含硫恶臭气体具有良好的实际应用价值,工业应用前景广阔。     

High nitrite accumulation and strengthening denitrification for old-age landfill leachate treatment using an autocontrol two-stage hybrid process

An autocontrol two-stage hybrid process was developed to treat landfill leachate. Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway was split into two stages. The first stage was designed for the high nitrite accumulation and was composed of two hybrid bed reactors (Hybrid I and Hybrid II) and a coagulation–flocculation reactor having effective volumes of 120 L and 80 L, respectively. The second stage was designed for strengthening denitrification and included a single 80 L reactor. The carriers of the hybrid bed reactors were composed of fixed multiple flexible carriers and suspended particle carriers. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH value, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) and temperature were used as online fuzzy control parameters of the automatic control system. The concentration of nitrite in Hybrid I and Hybrid II could reach 411 mg L⁻¹ and 604 mg L⁻¹, respectively. Ammonia removal has reached maximal rates of 0.061 kgNH₄⁺-N (m³ h)⁻¹ and 0.041 kgNH₄⁺-N (m³ h)⁻¹, respectively. A maximum nitrite removal rate of 0.211 kgNO₂⁻-N (m³ h)⁻¹ was observed during the strengthening denitrification. The running time of one cycle was not fixed and was actually controlled by the system. The results indicated that the running period was more closely related to influent ammonia concentration than influent COD concentration. The aeration times could be shortened and the energy could be saved. The autocontrol two-stage hybrid process is therefore an economical and effective way for landfill leachate treatment.     

催化湿式氧化吡虫啉农药废水催化剂的研究

通过共沉淀法制备了用于湿式氧化吡虫啉农药废水的Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂,研究了沉淀剂种类、沉淀温度、焙烧温度和活性组分配比等因素等对Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂的活性及稳定性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件,利用BET比表面积测定和XRD对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,优化条件制备的Cu/Mn复合氧化物催化剂催化湿式氧化处理吡虫啉农药废水时,具有较高的催化活性和稳定性.催化剂用量4 g/L,反应温度190℃,氧分压1.6 MPa,反应120 min,COD去除率为92.3%,活性组分溶出量较小.     

动电技术去除城市污泥中镉的研究

采用实际城市污泥为研究对象,通过控制阴极液酸度和添加络合剂,考察了镉的动电过程.结果表明,添加EDTA和柠檬酸不仅改变了动电过程的电流和电渗流,同时对镉的形态分布也产生了明显的影响:存在于移动性较低形态、难以去除的镉被转化为移动性较高的形态,在动电作用下从污泥中移除,从而提高了动电处理的效率,总镉的去除率最高达到70.1%;EDTA和柠檬酸对动电处理的促进作用主要受体系酸度的影响,其中控制阴极pH值为4和8时,总镉的去除率达到66.4%、70.1%、62.3%和66.5%,较pH值为6时去除率提高了2～3倍.比较两种络合剂,EDTA在高pH值条件下对镉的络合能力较强而表现出较高的去除率,而柠檬酸对酸度的适应性相对较强.     

Distribution of aromatic amines,phenols, chlorobenzenes,and naphthalenes in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake,China

• The total organic pollutant concentrations in sediment were 27.4-1620 ng/g. • The phenol concentrations were relatively high in the sediment of the Dianchi Lake. • Average total concentrations decreased as follows: Caohai>Waihai>Haigeng Dam. • 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 3- or 4-methylphenol, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene might be risks. Organic pollutants are widespread environmental pollutants with high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Our aim was to investigate the distribution of aromatic amines, phenols, chlorobenzenes, and naphthalenes in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake, China. Nineteen surface sediment samples were collected from the Dianchi Lake, and 40 types of organic pollutants were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The total organic pollutant concentrations in the surface sediment of the Dianchi Lake varied from 27.4 to 1.62 × 10³ ng/g. The concentrations of phenols were much higher than those in other water bodies but still within a controllable range, whereas the concentrations of the other organic pollutant classes were similar or even lower. The detection ratio of 3- or 4-methylphenol was the highest (100.00%) among the pollutants. The average total organic pollutant concentrations decreased in the following order: Caohai (540 ng/g)>the middle of Waihai (488 ng/g)>the edge of Waihai (351 ng/g)>Haigeng Dam (90.4 ng/g). Pearson analysis showed a strong correlation among 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1,3-dinitronaphthalene, and 1,4-dinitronaphthalene (p<0.01). Caohai, the north lakeshore of Waihai and the south of Waihai showed higher risk because of high concentration; meanwhile, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 3- or 4-methylphenol and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene were more likely to cause risks.     

毒性微生物传感器的研制及应用

以从土壤中分离、筛选出的X4菌株作为分子识别元件,采用夹层法制备微生物膜并与极谱型氧电极组成了呼吸抑制型毒性微生物传感器。实验确定了传感器的最佳工作条件:温度为30℃,pH范围为7.0~7.5;以HgCl2作为参比毒物时,微生物传感器标准曲线为y=1.05 x+0.21,线性相关系数为0.9933,线性范围为0.1~1.97 mg/L,相对标准偏差为1.8%。用该微生物传感器对某印染废水的毒性进行测试,该废水的毒性相对于HgCl2的浓度为1.69 mg/L,属于剧毒,与发光细菌法进行比对,测定结果具有一致性。     

曝气对潜流人工湿地污染物沿程降解规律的影响

通过构建曝气及未曝气潜流人工湿地小试实验系统,研究曝气对人工湿地床体中污染物沿程变化规律的影响。实验结果表明,曝气对污染物沿程降解规律的影响与污染物种类有关,在净化COD和氨氮时,曝气人工湿地污染物主要以水平推流式降解为主,未曝气系统床体中则出现分层现象,深度为40 cm以上的床体区域中污染物以水平推流式降解为主,40 cm以下区域则以垂直梯度降解方式为主。对于磷来说,两对比系统均以水平推流降解方式为主,但不同深度上的降解速率有所差异,曝气系统30~50 cm的床体中间层降解速率较快,而未曝气系统50 cm以下的床体底层降解速率较快。将对比系统总体净化效果进一步比较发现,对于COD的去除来说,温度的影响大些,而对于氨氮和TP的去除来说,曝气的影响则更为显著。