Atmospheric carbonyls in a heavy ozone pollution episode at a metropolis in Southwest China: Characteristics, health risk assessment, sources analysis

Ambient carbonyls were continuously observed in the field during a heavy ozone pollution episode in Chengdu, China from August 4 to August 19, 2019, and the pollution characteristics, atmospheric photochemical reactivity, human health risk, and sources of carbonyls were analyzed. Fifteen carbonyls were quantified with average total mixing ratios of 20.38 ppbv Formaldehyde(9.86 ppbv), acetone(4.41 ppbv), and acetaldehyde(3.57 ppbv) were the three most abundant carbonyls. During the heavy ozone po...     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have beenwidely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (f_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, andmosswas long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably themain source of DP.     

Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world. However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic, remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment, soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-Ålesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus (DP) to total DP (?_anti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18, 0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater, sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

Effects of fluoride on the removal of cadmium and phosphate by aluminum coagulation

This study focuses on the effects of p H and fluoride at different molar ratios of fluoride to Al(R F:Al) on the removal of cadmium(Cd~(2+)) and phosphate by Al coagulation. Fluoride at R F:Al≥ 3:1 inhibits the removal of Cd over wide Al dose ranges from 5 to 10 mg/L as Al. The removal of phosphate decreases significantly at high R F:Al of 10:1 whereas at lowered R F:Al(i.e., ≤ 6:1), an adverse effect is observed only at insufficient Al doses below 2 mg/L. Fluoride shows inhibitive effects towards the removal of Cd at p H 7 and 8 and that of phosphate at p H 6. Fluoride decreases the ζ-potential in both systems, and the decreasing extent is positively correlated to the elevated R F:Al. The Al fluoride interactions include the formation of Al–F complexes and the adsorption of fluoride onto Al(OH)_3 precipitates, i.e., the formation of Al(OH)n F m. Al–F complex formation inhibits Al hydrolysis and increases residual Al levels, and a more significant increase was observed at lower p H. Al–F complexes at high R F:Al complicate the coagulation behavior of Al towards both negative and positive ionic species. Moreover, fluoride at low R F:Al shows little effect on Al coagulation behavior towards Cd~(2+)and phosphate, and the spent defluoridation adsorbent,i.e., aluminum(Al) hydro(oxide) with adsorbed fluoride at R F:Al of below 0.1:1, may be reclaimed as a coagulant after being dissolved.     

农村生态文明建设的评价指标体系构建研究

鉴于对生态文明内涵的不同理解和农村复杂生态系统的不同认识,在学术界和实践中关于农村生态文明指标体系的研究和应用呈现出了多样化的特点.农村生态文明是基于可持续发展的动态开放过程,反映了农村这一特殊生态系统内人与自然、人与人关系的整体性变革,应将生态文明理念融入社会生产生活的全过程.因此,应当准确把握农村生态文明建设的内涵,明确目标、分解系统要素和动力机制,按照国家“五位一体”的总体布局,从经济、社会、政治、文化和环境五个方面构建农村生态文明指标体系框架,对指导和检验未来农村生态文明建设具有现实和理论的双重价值和意义.     

贵州某磷化工企业污染地块土壤污染状况调查案例分析

随着城市化进程加速和产业结构调整,传统磷化工企业由于搬迁、改造或关闭而遗留大量的污染地块.污染场地不仅危害区域环境、影响居民身体健康,还严重影响地块的再开发利用,因此需要对其进行土壤污染状况调查,为后续地块的环境管理提供依据.本文以贵州某磷化工企业地块为例,通过地块污染调查,摸清了地块污染特征、污染范围和分布,可作为示...     

鄱阳湖流域面源污染负荷模拟与氮和磷时空分布特征

基于气象、土壤、土地利用、数字高程模型和农业管理等数据基础上,对输入鄱阳湖赣江、抚河、信江、饶河、修水等"五河"上的7个水文站的径流、泥沙和面源氮(N)和磷(P)污染负荷进行参数的敏感性分析,利用实测数据对参数校准和验证,通过SWAT模型对2003—2012年十年间入湖的径流、泥沙和面源N、P污染负荷进行了模拟.2003—2012年面源总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、硝氮(NO-3-N)、有机氮(ON)和有机磷(OP)面源污染负荷入湖特征呈现出:时间变化上,年际间变化大、年内集中在4—7月入湖,鄱阳湖N、P污染负荷主要来自于面源污染,入湖面源TN组份中NO-3-N所占比重较高,TP组份中OP所占比重较高的特征;空间分布上,"五河"中赣江流量和流域面积最大,流域各项面源N、P污染物入湖量最大;修水流量和流域面积最小,流域各项面源N、P污染物入湖量最小的特征.     

三江平原挠力河流域湿地生态特征变化研究

经过近半个世纪的垦荒,挠力河流域湿地生态特征发生了明显的改变,大量湿地被垦殖,湿地面积逐年减少;湿地资源的破坏,造成环境污染严重,土壤有机质含量大大降低;土地沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大;灾害性气候发生频率增加;动植物等多样性资源急剧减少。挠力河流域作为“北大荒”的重要组成部分,生态环境的剧烈变化也就很具有代表性了。伴随着新千年“北大荒”停止一切垦殖湿地、草地和林地的措施出台,挠力河流域也迎来了退耕还林、还牧、还湿的调整时期。     

粉煤灰在废水处理中的应用

就粉煤灰处理废水的研究与应用现状进行了综述。粉煤灰主要通过其吸附作用 (物理吸附和化学吸附 )处理废水 ,对于城市污水、工业废水、含重金属离子、F- 、PO3- 4废水等均有较好的处理效果。对粉煤灰进行物理或化学改性研制高效复合粉煤灰混凝剂是提高粉煤灰利用价值的有效途径之一。同时 ,提高粉煤灰吸附容量以及妥善处理吸附饱和灰是当前急需解决的问题     

内质网应激在PFOS致大鼠肝损伤中的作用

通过全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)28 d大鼠经口染毒评价PFOS肝损伤效应,探讨内质网应激在PFOS毒效应中的作用。Wistar大鼠随机分组,分别以0 mg·kg~(-1)、5 mg·kg~(-1)和10 mg·kg~(-1)PFOS灌胃染毒28 d。HE染色观察大鼠肝脏形态改变。ELISA法测定各组丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和淀粉酶(AMY)含量变化。紫外分光光度法测定肝组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性变化。RT-PCR检测肝脏内质网应激标志蛋白表达水平。结果表明,PFOS造成大鼠体重降低、肝重增高(P0.05),组织切片显示肝细胞出现脂质沉积。PFOS不同剂量组大鼠ALT随暴露浓度增加,分别为(50.96±10.02)U·L~(-1)、(71.73±11.55)U·L~(-1),显著高于对照组(P0.05),AST、ALP含量与对照组相比显著上升(P0.05),高剂量组AMY水平为(833.46±63.05)U·L~(-1),与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05)。GSH-Px和SOD水平随PFOS浓度增加出现了显著降低(P0.05),而MDA水平显著升高(P0.05)。内质网应激标志蛋白表达均较对照组显著上升(P0.05)。以上结果说明PFOS可导致大鼠肝细胞损伤,其机制可能与内质网应激调控有关。