城市煤气化综合效益实例分析

本文以煤气化工程的典型实例分析为基础，通过对气源厂经济效益的分析，提出了以气化替煤量和节煤量两项指标，进行宏观经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的综合效益分析的步骤及相应的计算公式与方法。     

鲤鱼对三种硝基芳族化合物的摄取、释放和生物富集

用第二松花江水和鱼体中多次检出的三种硝基芳族化合物来分别测定鲤鱼体中的生物富集系数（ＢＣＦ），摄取和释放动力学参数，以及在肌肉、肠、肝和鳃等组织中的分布。试验在半静态条件下进行。硝基芳族化合物在鲤鱼体内的释放可用双区一级动力学模型很好地描述。鲤鱼对２，４－二硝基甲苯和对硝基氯苯的富集过程中发现有未知的代谢产物生成。     

丙烯腈二元共聚物超滤膜的研制

本文对丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯二元共聚物(PAN)超滤膜的成膜过程及膜分离性能进行了研究。结果表明:由PAN-双溶剂-酯类铸膜液制成的超滤膜对牛血清蛋白的截留率(R)为97.62％,通量(f)为84.96ml/cm~2.h.通过电子显微镜扫描观察膜底、表层以及膜断面的结构,对膜的形成机理与膜分离性能进行了研究,证明PAN是一种性能良好的新型膜材料,用PAN二元共聚物超滤膜对α-粉酶进行超滤浓缩试验,取得了较好的结果。     

Larval metamorphosis of the mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus galloprovincialis</Emphasis> in response to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alteromonas</Emphasis> sp. 1: evidence for two chemical cues?

Bacterial isolates from multi-species biofilms were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequences and investigated for their inductive effects as monospecific biofilms on larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm was found to have inductive activity, which increased with increasing cell density. The cue(s) of Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm responsible for inducing larval metamorphosis was further investigated. Treatment of the biofilm with formalin, ethanol, heat or ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in the inductive activity of Alteromonas sp. 1, and the crude extract of surface-bound products of the biofilm showed no activity. These results indicated that if the cue was a surface-bound chemical cue, it was unstable, or susceptible to the treatments or the extraction process. On the other hand, the inductive activity of treated biofilms had a linear regression to the cell survival of bacteria, indicating a metabolically active biofilm was a requirement for larval metamorphosis. Conditioned water of the biofilm did not induce larvae to metamorphose. However, larval crawling behavior in the conditioned water was the same as that in the biofilm prior to larval metamorphosis, and significantly different to larval behavior in seawater. This indicated that a potential or partial waterborne cue existed, but remained inactive when alone. A synergistic effect of the conditioned water with formalin-fixed Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm resulted in a significant increase in larval metamorphosis. Heat treatment and fractionation of the conditioned water demonstrated that the waterborne cue was heat-stable and <3,000 Da in molecular weight. Platinum-coating, Lentil Lectin and Wheat Germ Agglutinin treatments of the formalin-fixed biofilm significantly reduced its synergistic effect with the conditioned water, suggesting that a surface-bound cue was present on the biofilm and that the cue might be associated with the bacterial exopolysaccharide or glycoprotein. Evidence presented here suggests that two chemical cues derived from bacteria act synergistically on larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis.     

煤烟型复合污染物相互作用与转移过程及其特点

粉尘,ＳＯ２,ＮＯｘ等的煤烟型复合污染是我国尤其是南方我的主要类型。本文根据实验观测,详细分析了主要污染物间的相互作用过程及其复污染物从产生,转移至植物界面的运动过程及其特点。     

负载型TiO2固定相光催化氧化法降解水中呋码唑酮

以高压汞灯为光源、负载在海砂上的ＴｉＯ２为催化剂，采用敞口固定床型光催化反应器对水中难降解的呋码唑酮（ＦＴＤ）进行了固定相光催化氧化实验。结果表明，反应速率可用ＬａｎｇｍｕｉｒＨｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ方程描述，与光分解相比，光催化氧化的突出优点是矿化程度高，相同光辐射条件下反应１００ｍｉｎ，０．１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＦＴＤ水溶液经光催化氧化后ＴＯＣ的去除率为８９．１％，而经光分解后ＴＯＣ的去除率仅为２８．８％；在反应体系中投加少量臭氧或过氧化氢可以显著提高ＦＴＤ的氧化效率，说明光催化氧化可以兼容Ｏ３／ＵＶ、Ｈ２Ｏ２／ＵＶ等光激发氧化工艺。制得的负载型ＴｉＯ２具有较高的机械强度和化学稳定性，可重复利用。探讨了充氧、ＦＴＤ浓度及ｐＨ值等对光催化氧化过程的影响。     

腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理研究

采用铁屑和颗粒活性炭通过原电池反应产生的Fe2 离子取代FeSO4组成腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺,采用该工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理.结果表明,最佳运行条件为pH值为2、H2O2投加量为理论投加量的50%、铁屑投量为30 g(500 mL渗滤液中)、Fe/C质量比为2.5、反应时间为1 h、絮凝pH值为7,其COD去除率可达到60%(其中活性炭吸附占19%),TOC去除率可达47%(其中活性碳吸附占13%),BOD5/COD值从原水的0 35提高到出水的0.69;而传统Fenton工艺在H2O2/Fe2 比值等于5、其它条件与腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺相同的条件下,COD去除率为26%,TOC去除率为19%,BOD5/COD比值从原水的0.43提高到0.69.将腐蚀电池-Fenton工艺用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理,在有机物去除率和提高可生化性方面效果均明显优于传统Fenton工艺.     

一次性环保餐具发展现状和实现大规模生产的措施

阐述了可降解一次性餐具的发展状况和它们对环境保护所起的作用，叙述了秸杆、甘蔗渣和淀粉一次性餐具的生产现状；分析了生产成本和生产效率；指出了这类餐具至今不能大规模生产的主要原因，重点介绍了一种新研制的高效自动化生产设备，使秸杆、甘蔗渣和淀粉餐具的生产成本大幅度降低，生产效率可以提高几十倍。     

Hierarchical methodological framework to improve Policy Environmental Assessment: Based on policy layer research

This study explores the current implementation challenges of the Policy Environmental Assessment (PEA), including the implementation of a far richer, more diverse (at macro level), and better understanding of PEA and integration with decision making. The results contribute to the analysis of PEA through different hierarchies of assessment. Stemming from the theory and practice of policy, a concept of PEA hierarchies is proposed including the uppermost PEA, upper-lower PEA, and lowermost PEA. Afterward, the differences of the three hierarchies are interpreted, in terms of aims, principles, processes, and methods. The evaluation of the policy environmental impacts from different lens helps solve the complexities of policies and identify opportunities for improvement of PEA.     

国内外水污染物排污权交易政策分析及启示

继排污权交易政策在大气污染物控制方面的应用后．一些国家和地区开展了水污染物排污权交易的应用。由于水污染物本身的污染特性,该政策最后的实施结果不尽相同。概述了部分国家和地区应用水污染物排污权交易政策的经验。总结了国外政府部门实施该政策的框架。分析了实施该政策的预评估原则。探讨了该政策在国内应用的可行性及应用前景。