复合多管除尘器在湿法水泥回转窑除尘中的应用

把具有惯性沉降除尘、旋风子除尘两级一体功能的复合多管除尘器用于带湿式蒸发器的湿法水泥回转窑尾气除尘，替换原“旋风除尘器＋电除尘器”除尘系统中的多筒旋风器。运行测试表明，它的除尘效率达到９４６％，确保了窑尾排放烟尘浓度达到国家标准。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告必须阐明的内容

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测报告是检验建设方落实环保“三同时”制度的技术手段,也是环保部门依法管理的技术支撑和依据,竣工验收监测报告除遵循行业技术规范要求外,建设内容变更、环保设施落实、污染物排放及总量、环境质量影响等成为不可或缺的重要内容,需要逐一阐述明确。     

Sorption of tylosin and sulfamethazine on solid humic acid

Tylosin(TYL) and sulfamethazine(SMT) are ionizable and polar antimicrobial compounds,which have seeped into the environment in substantial amounts via fertilizing land with manure or sewage. Sorption of TYL and SMT onto humic acid(HA) may affect their environmental fate. In this study, the sorption of TYL and SMT on HA at different conditions(pH, ionic strength) was investigated. All sorption isotherms fitted well to the Henry and Freundlich models and they were highly nonlinear with values of n between 0.5 and 0.8, which suggested that the HA had high heterogeneity. The sorption of TYL and SMT on HA decreased with increasing p H(2.0–7.5), implying that the primary sorption mechanism could be due to cation exchange interactions between TYL~+/SMT~+ species and the functional groups of HA.Increasing ionic strength resulted in a considerable reduction in the K_d values of TYL and SMT,hinting that interactions between H bonds and π–π EDA might be an important factor in the sorption of TYL and SMT on HA. Results of Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and ~13C-nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analysis further demonstrated that carboxyl groups and O-alkyl structures in the HA could interact with TYL and SMT via ionic interactions and H bonds,respectively. Overall, this work gives new insights into the mechanisms of sorption of TYL and SMT on HA and hence aids us in assessing the environmental risk of TYL and SMT under diverse conditions.     

基于风险的压缩天然气加气站安全距离研究

首次以个体自然死亡概率为基础,确定个体风险标准,提出压缩天然气加气站关键设备与暴露目标之间安全距离确定方法的基本原则在此基础上,根据泄漏模式确定关键设备泄漏频率,采用几何风险消减因子对泄漏频率进行修正,选出需要计算安全距离的关键设备,按照伤害准则,确定关键设备发生危险场景的安全距离.     

Thiocyanate-induced labilization of schwertmannite: Impacts and mechanisms

Schwertmannite is an amorphous iron(III)-oxyhydroxysulfate that forms in acid mine drainage(AMD) environments. The characteristic of high heavy metal adsorption capability makes schwertmannite a potentially useful, environmentally friendly material in wastewater treatment. Unstable schwertmannite is prone to recrystallization.Understanding the mechanisms that induce schwertmannite labilization and affect its capacity to remove heavy metals are of great environmental and geochemical significance.Thiocyanate(SCNˉ) is a hazardous pseudohalide that is also normally found in AMD.However, little is known about the impact of Fe(III)-binding ligand SCNˉ on schwertmannite stability and its subsequent capacity to bind trace elements. Here, we investigated the adsorption of SCNˉ on schwertmannite and subsequent mineral transformation to characterize this little-known process. The appearance of Fe2+indicated that the interactions between schwertmannite and SCNˉ may involve complexation and reduction reactions. Results showed that the majority of the adsorbed-SCNˉ was immobilized on schwertmannite during the 60-days transformation. The transformation rates of schwertmannite increased with increasing concentrations of SCNˉ. Goethite was detected as the dominant transformation product with or without SCNˉ. The mechanisms of SCNˉ-promoted dissolution of schwertmannite can be described as follows:(1) formation of Fe(III)–NCS complexes on the schwertmannite surface and in solution, a process which increases the reactivity of solid phase Fe(III);(2) the extraction of Fe(III) from schwertmannite by SCNˉ and subsequent schwertmannite dissolution; and(3) the formation of secondary minerals from extracted Fe(III). These findings may improve AMD treatment strategies and provide insight into the use and potential reuse of schwertmannite as a trace element sorbent.     

两级混合稳定表流湿地处理生活污水

为了提高一级稳定表流湿地(stable surface flow wetland,SSFW)的出水水质,在单级稳定表流湿地后串联一级潜流人工湿地,构成两级混合稳定表流湿地(two steps hybrid stable surface flow wetland,TSHSSFW),研究气候变化对其净化效果的影响,并同一级潜流人工湿地(one step subsurface flow wetland,OSSFW)进行对比。研究表明,气候变化对TSHSSFW的COD和总磷去除率影响较小,去除率均在80%左右;而对氨氮和总氮的去除率影响比较大,夏季TSHSSFW的氨氮和总氮去除率分别为87.77%和77.74%,而冬季氨氮和总氮的去除率分别为54.07%和48.84%。相比单级潜流人工湿地(OSSFW),有SSFW作为前处理的潜流人工湿地对氨氮和总氮的去除率较高。     

天津市烟气排放连续监测系统现状分析及应用经验探讨

CEMS,即烟气连续排放监测系统,通过对固定污染源颗粒物浓度和气态污染物浓度以及污染物排放总量进行连续自动监测,并将监测数据和信息传送到环保主管部门,以确保排污企业污染物浓度和排放总量达标。本文分析了目前天津使用的烟气在线连续监测系统的三种主要技术方法,通过三种方法的比较,结合现场监测的实际经验,提出了今后CEMS运营管理的相关建议。     

一株耐镉细菌的分离及其富集Cd的机理

从重金属镉污染土壤中筛选到一株对镉具有较强抗性和富集能力的细菌RC。经形态学观察和生理生化鉴定以及16SrDNA序列分析,RC为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。在不同镉浓度液体培养条件下研究了菌体的生长曲线,并探讨了RC菌株对Zn、Cu的抗性,结果显示RC对不同重金属的抗性机制存在一定的差异。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜观察了镉在RC胞内外的沉积作用及分布情况,结果表明,在镉浓度为150 mg/L时菌体细胞壁及其内部可见大量的高电子密度颗粒,同时在菌体表面也有沉淀物附着。因此,胞内外沉积作用可能是该菌对高浓度镉的抗性和富集作用的重要途径。通过红外光谱探讨了RC积累镉前后细胞壁表面化学基团的变化情况,结果发现RC的细胞壁上参与积累作用的化学官能团主要有—OH、—NH、—CO和—CO—NH—等。     

兰炭焦粉的石墨化探索性研究

兰炭是利用陕北榆林地区低磷、低硫、低挥发分煤经低温干馏得到的一种煤化工产品,在其生产过程产生大约15%左右的焦粉,目前主要作为冶金用还原剂或者低级燃料廉价处理,经济价值较低。为了开辟焦粉的高副价值利用新途径,对焦粉的石墨化技术进行了探索研究。结果表明,焦粉直接石墨化,2500℃时其石墨化度可达90%,而在铜粉、氧化铁和二氧化钛催化作用下,1800℃时焦粉的石墨化度达到90%以上,达到同样的石墨化效果,催化剂的作用可使石墨化温度直接降低700℃,焦粉石墨化过程能耗得到很大程度降低。另外,焦粉热处理温度越高,产物纯度越高,石墨化效果越好,Cu粉催化作用下产物的2H晶型趋于更完整。研究结果不但为焦粉的石墨化提供理论与技术支持,而且为制备石墨材料开辟了新的原料来源,并促进榆林地区兰炭产业的健康发展。