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排序方式: 共有134条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Structure characterization and thermal stabilities of the isomers of the brominated flame retardant 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Arsenault G Lough A Marvin C McAlees A McCrindle R MacInnis G Pleskach K Potter D Riddell N Sverko E Tittlemier S Tomy G 《Chemosphere》2008,72(8):1163-1170
1,2-Dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH) is used primarily as an additive flame retardant. 1H NMR spectroscopy and an X-ray structure determination have revealed that a technical mixture consists largely of two (of the four possible) diastereomers, rac-(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-(4S)-4-((1S)-1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (alpha-TBECH) and rac-(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-(4S)-4-((1R)-1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (beta-TBECH), in a mole ratio of approximately 1:1. The two other possible isomers, gamma- and delta-TBECH, were not detected in a technical mixture. The TBECH isomers are thermally sensitive and can easily interconvert at temperatures of 125 degrees C. A thermal equilibrium mixture of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-TBECH consists of approximately 33%, 33%, 17% and 17% of these isomers, respectively. Separation of all four TBECH diastereomers, with minimal thermal interconversion of the isomers, was achieved by careful selection of GC-capillary column length and injector temperature. Although technical TBECH does not contain the gamma- and delta-isomers, they may still be relevant environmental contaminants since manufacturing processes utilize thermal processes which may induce their formation. 相似文献
12.
13.
Alain Ayong Le Kama Mouez Fodha Gilles Lafforgue 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2013,18(4):417-426
The IPCC recommends the use of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies in order to achieve the Kyoto environmental goals. This paper sheds light on this issue by assessing the optimal strategy regarding the long-term use of CCS technologies. The aim is to analyze the optimal CCS policy when the sequestration rate is endogenous, being therefore one specific tool of the environmental policy. We develop a simple growth model to identify the main driving forces that should determine the optimal CCS policy. We show that, under some conditions on the cost of extractions, CCS may be a long-term solution to curb carbon emissions. We also show that over time the social planner will choose to decrease the rate of capture and sequestration. We then derive the decentralized equilibrium outcome by considering the programs of the fossil resource-holder and of the representative consumer. Finally, we determine the optimal environmental policy, i.e. the carbon tax scheme, as well as the dynamics of the fossil fuel price needed to implement it. 相似文献
14.
Mest'ánková H Mailhot G Pilichowski JF Krýsa J Jirkovský J Bolte M 《Chemosphere》2004,57(10):1307-1315
The degradation of Monuron (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) photoinduced by Fe(III) in aqueous solution has been investigated. The rate of degradation depends on the concentration of Fe(OH)2+, the most photoreactive species in terms of *OH radical formation. These *OH radicals are able to degrade Monuron until total mineralisation. The primordial role of the speciation of Fe(III)-hydroxy complex in aqueous solution, for the efficiency of the elimination of pollutant, was shown and explained in detail. The formation of Fe(II) in the irradiated solution was monitored and correlated with the total organic carbon evolution. Degradation photoproducts were identified and a mechanism of degradation is proposed. 相似文献
15.
Morin-Crini Nadia Loiacono Sonia Placet Vincent Torri Giangiacomo Bradu Corina Kostić Mirjana Cosentino Cesare Chanet Gilles Martel Bernard Lichtfouse Eric Crini Grégorio 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):393-408
Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the increasing focus on renewable materials and sustainability issues, the development of non-conventional materials from natural resources and possessing... 相似文献
16.
Alexandrine Daniel Paul Savary Jean-Christophe Foltête Aurélie Khimoun Bruno Faivre Anthony Ollivier Cyril Éraud Hervé Moal Gilles Vuidel Stéphane Garnier 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14047
Habitat connectivity is a key objective of current conservation policies and is commonly modeled by landscape graphs (i.e., sets of habitat patches [nodes] connected by potential dispersal paths [links]). These graphs are often built based on expert opinion or species distribution models (SDMs) and therefore lack empirical validation from data more closely reflecting functional connectivity. Accordingly, we tested whether landscape graphs reflect how habitat connectivity influences gene flow, which is one of the main ecoevolutionary processes. To that purpose, we modeled the habitat network of a forest bird (plumbeous warbler [Setophaga plumbea]) on Guadeloupe with graphs based on expert opinion, Jacobs’ specialization indices, and an SDM. We used genetic data (712 birds from 27 populations) to compute local genetic indices and pairwise genetic distances. Finally, we assessed the relationships between genetic distances or indices and cost distances or connectivity metrics with maximum-likelihood population-effects distance models and Spearman correlations between metrics. Overall, the landscape graphs reliably reflected the influence of connectivity on population genetic structure; validation R2 was up to 0.30 and correlation coefficients were up to 0.71. Yet, the relationship among graph ecological relevance, data requirements, and construction and analysis methods was not straightforward because the graph based on the most complex construction method (species distribution modeling) sometimes had less ecological relevance than the others. Cross-validation methods and sensitivity analyzes allowed us to make the advantages and limitations of each construction method spatially explicit. We confirmed the relevance of landscape graphs for conservation modeling but recommend a case-specific consideration of the cost-effectiveness of their construction methods. We hope the replication of independent validation approaches across species and landscapes will strengthen the ecological relevance of connectivity models. 相似文献
17.
Sacha Viquerat Helena Herr Anita Gilles Verena Peschko Ursula Siebert Signe Sveegaard Jonas Teilmann 《Marine Biology》2014,161(4):745-754
In July 2012, a ship-board double-platform line-transect survey was conducted to assess harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) abundance in the Kattegat, Belt Seas and the Western Baltic. A total of 826 km of track lines were surveyed between the 2nd and 21st of July 2012, and 169 observations were made by the primary observers, comprising a total of 230 porpoises. Fifty-seven observations were identified as duplicate sightings observed by both tracker and primary observers and were used to correct for availability and perception bias of the primary detections. Using Mark–Recapture Distance Sampling analysis, we produced a model using the half-normal key function, including sightability as the only covariate to estimate the density and abundance of harbour porpoise within the 51,511 km2 survey area. Estimated detection probability on the transect line, known as g(0), was at 0.571 (±0.074; CV = 0.130). Using a point independence model of the detection function, the abundance of harbour porpoises within the survey area was estimated at 40,475 animals (95 % CI 25,614–65,041, CV = 0.235) with an associated density of 0.786 animals km?2 (95 % CI 0.498–1.242, CV = 0.235) and an average group size of 1.488 animals. These results reflect densities obtained during the SCANS surveys in 1994 and 2005, indicating no significant population trend in the area. However, it should be noted that the survey area covers more than one population and that results are therefore not necessarily reflecting local population trends. Until proper population borders are obtained, the abundance estimate provides baseline data for future monitoring and is an important input to the assessment of the conservation status of harbour porpoises in the area. 相似文献
18.
Benoit Lebreton Pierre Richard Robert Galois Gilles Radenac Amel Brahmia Géraldine Colli Marig Grouazel Cyril André Ga?l Guillou Gérard F. Blanchard 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1537-1550
In an intertidal Zostera noltii Hornem seagrass bed, food sources used by sediment meiofauna were determined seasonally by comparing stable isotope signatures (δ13C, δ15N) of sources with those of nematodes and copepods. Proportions of different carbon sources used by consumers were estimated using the SIAR mixing model on δ13C values. Contrary to δ15N values, food source mean δ13C values encompassed a large range, from −22.1 ‰ (suspended particulate organic matter) to −10.0 ‰ (Z. noltii roots). δ13C values of copepods (from −22.3 to −12.3 ‰) showed that they use many food sources (benthic and phytoplanktonic microalgae, Z. noltii matter). Nematode δ13C values ranged from −14.6 to −11.4 ‰, indicating a strong role of microphytobenthos and/or Z. noltii matter as carbon sources. The difference of food source uses between copepods and nematodes is discussed in light of source accessibility and availability. 相似文献
19.
Nicolas Sturaro Stéphane Caut Sylvie Gobert Jean-Marie Bouquegneau Gilles Lepoint 《Marine Biology》2010,157(2):237-247
The coexistence of three idoteid species in Posidonia oceanica litter raises the question of trophic diversity and their role in the litter degradation process. Hence, diet composition
of Idotea balthica, Idotea hectica and Cleantis prismatica was studied using a combination of gut contents and stable isotopes analysis. Gut content observations indicate that P. oceanica dead leaves are an important part of the ingested food for the three species, although their tissues are constituted of only
a small to medium fraction of P. oceanica carbon. Our results also underlined the potential role of these species in the degradation of P. oceanica litter by mechanically fragmenting the litter and by assimilating a small to medium fraction of carbon. Moreover, we showed
that there were considerable inter- and intra-specific differences in diet composition. Diet differed between juveniles and
adults for I. balthica. Crustaceans are an important food source for adults of I. balthica, while I. hectica indicated a major contribution of algal material. C. prismatica showed an intermediate diet. This trophic diversity is probably one of the factors allowing these species to coexist in the
same biotope. 相似文献
20.
E. Petter Axelsson Joakim Hj?lt��n Thomas G. Whitham Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto Gilles Pilate Anders Wennstr?m 《Chemoecology》2011,21(3):161-169
Bioassays with a non-target slug (Deroceras spp.) and chemical analyses were conducted using leaf tissue from already existing genetically modified insect-resistant
aspen trees to examine whether genetic modifications to produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins could affect plant phytochemistry, which in turn might influence plant–herbivore interactions. Three major patterns
emerged. First, two independent modifications for Bt resistance affected the phytochemical profiles of leaves such that both
were different from the isogenic wild-type (Wt) control leaves, but also different from each other. Among the contributors
to these differences are substances with a presumed involvement in resistance, such as salicortin and soluble condensed tannins.
Second, bioassays with one Bt line suggest that the modification somehow affected innate resistance (“Innate” is used here
in opposition to the “acquired” Bt resistance) in ways such that slugs preferred Bt over Wt leaves. Third, the preference
test suggests that the innate resistance in Bt relative to Wt plants may not be uniformly expressed throughout the whole plant
and that leaf ontogeny interacts with the modification to affect resistance. This was manifested through an ontogenetic determined
increase in leaf consumption that was more than four times higher in Bt compared to Wt leaves. Our result are of principal
importance, as these indicate that genetic modifications can affect innate resistance and thus non-target herbivores in ways
that may have commercial and/or environmental consequences. The finding of a modification–ontogeny interaction effect on innate
resistance may be especially important in assessments of GM plants with a long lifespan such as trees. 相似文献