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111.
The purpose of this research was to assess the importance of psychological trauma in understanding reactions to short lead time weather warnings. The research consisted of two case studies, one in Denver, Colorado and the other in Austin, Texas. A total of 61 individuals with 9 or greater traumas were compared to 281 non-trauma exposed individuals. Results demonstrated significant differences on questions related to general beliefs about flash floods and warning perceptions as well as reported anticipated actions during a flash flood at home. Results suggest high trauma exposure may lead to more threat sensitivity and a higher probability of initiated action in a home-based flash flood. 相似文献
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When pieces of the staghorn coral Acropora acuminata are incubated with 14C-urea, the label is incorporated into skeletal carbonate. Incorporation of this label differs from that of H14CO 3 - , suggesting urea is not immediately hydrolysed to provide a further source of HCO 3 - . The effects of certain organic substrates upon calcification suggest the ornithine cycle is involved. Citrulline, an ornithine cycle intermediate, is found in high concentrations in the tissues of hermatypic corals. Urea, allantoins, NH3 and arginine are also present. These compounds are barely detectable in zooxanthellae or an ahermatypic coral. The allantoins may be present as calcium salts. It is suggested that allantoins are the medium by which Ca2+ and CO2 are transported to sites of calcification. Hydrolysis of urea, formed by breakdown of allantoins, yields CO2 and NH3. The NH3 may neutralise protons formed during precipitation of CaCO3 and bring about their removal from sites of calcification. As well as providing urea, the ornithine cycle may also be involved in the removal of NH3 from sites of calcification. 相似文献
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Vertical migration strategies with respect to advection and stratification in a semi-enclosed lough: a comparison of mero- and holozooplankton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Patterns of zooplankton vertical movement are often difficult to interpret because of multiple, complex and confounding environmental factors. Behavioural adaptations to these environmental variables are compared within and between the holo- and meroplankton constituents of a community. We used a nested design to analyse patterns at several scales in time; (semi-diel, diel, spring-neap tidal cycle and season) and two in space; (depth and site). To reduce complexity and aid interpretation we studied a semi-isolated community in a semi-enclosed, seasonally stratified sea lough (Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve, Ireland). In this, the main environmental gradient was water flow rate (or water residence time) caused by tidal currents. Vertical profiles of abundance showed that populations of the most abundant species of holo- and meroplankton in the lough have considerable behavioural plasticity, enabling them to switch between sedentary and migratory behaviour and patterns of migration. Some species migrate vertically in synchrony with diel cycles and others in response to semi-diel tidal currents; a few do both, but the majority did neither. It is suggested that water column structure and hydrographic discontinuities caused by flow rate and pycnocline dynamics are responsible for the variable patterns of vertical migration and distribution.Communicated by J.P. Thorpe, Port Erin 相似文献
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The nature or structure of competition within communities has been a dynamic area of practical and theoretical research for a number of decades. Certain components of some communities have proved hard to incorporate within such studies; in marine benthic work this has included the sponges. In this study, intra- and inter-phyletic interactions involving sponges (7,817 in total) were studied on 125 rocks (ranging in surface area from 10 to 2,438 cm 2) at a site experiencing low disturbance levels at Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve, Co. Cork, Ireland. The outcomes of sponge-sponge (intra-phyletic) interactions were significantly different in both outcome and structure to those involving sponges and representatives of other phyla. Typically sponge-sponge competition resulted in a much higher number of tied outcomes than did inter-phyletic encounters. Sponges over-grew all groups of organisms with the exception of some cnidarians and ascidians. The morphology of any sponge species (thickness in most cases) was important in determining the outcome of intra-phyletic, but not inter-phyletic, interactions. Sponges which exhibited thick (>2 mm) crusts were, in the majority of interactions, superior competitors compared to the thin (<1 mm) crusts. However, the method used to rank species (i.e. wins:loss or wins:total ratio) made a significant difference to the ranking of sponge competitors. The transitivity of the sponge assemblage investigated was calculated using the index formulated by Tanaka and Nandakumar (1994) as 0.23, indicating the assemblage to be organised as a network rather than a hierarchical system. We suggest this network of principally tied outcomes (due to standoffs) may be maintained in part by chemical interaction. However, in the absence of disturbance, the network is more likely to be mediated through processes of growth and regression of tissues during summer and winter months respectively. 相似文献
117.
M.H. Hayden S. Drobot S. Radil C. Benight E.C. Gruntfest L.R. Barnes 《Environmental Hazards》2007,7(3):211-219
This research examines sources of information for flash floods in two large metropolitan areas, Denver, CO, and Austin, TX. Previous research has noted that information delivery systems for weather forecasts are geared toward the cultural majority and suggests that inadequate warnings are a primary contributor to deaths and injuries from hazards. This investigation used chi-square analysis to determine the prime warning source preferences and preferred time of day for receiving different media. Results indicate that successful warning messages need to be targeted toward specific sub-populations if the warning is to be received, understood, and responded to properly. 相似文献
118.
The purpose of this research was to assess the importance of psychological trauma in understanding reactions to short lead time weather warnings. The research consisted of two case studies, one in Denver, Colorado and the other in Austin, Texas. A total of 61 individuals with 9 or greater traumas were compared to 281 non-trauma exposed individuals. Results demonstrated significant differences on questions related to general beliefs about flash floods and warning perceptions as well as reported anticipated actions during a flash flood at home. Results suggest high trauma exposure may lead to more threat sensitivity and a higher probability of initiated action in a home-based flash flood. 相似文献
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