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181.
Lucrina Ştefănescu Brînduşa Mihaela Robu Alexandru Ozunu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):7719-7727
The environmental impact assessment of mining sites represents nowadays a large interest topic in Romania. Historical pollution in the Rosia Montana mining area of Romania caused extensive damage to environmental media. This paper has two goals: to investigate the environmental pollution induced by mining activities in the Rosia Montana area and to quantify the environmental impacts and associated risks by means of an integrated approach. Thus, a new method was developed and applied for quantifying the impact of mining activities, taking account of the quality of environmental media in the mining area, and used as case study in the present paper. The associated risks are a function of the environmental impacts and the probability of their occurrence. The results show that the environmental impacts and quantified risks, based on quality indicators to characterize the environmental quality, are of a higher order, and thus measures for pollution remediation and control need to be considered in the investigated area. The conclusion drawn is that an integrated approach for the assessment of environmental impact and associated risks is a valuable and more objective method, and is an important tool that can be applied in the decision-making process for national authorities in the prioritization of emergency action. 相似文献
182.
The aim of this study was to compare recoveries of organochlorine pesticides (heptachlor, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, op'-DDD, pp'-DDD, pp'-DDE, op'-DDT, pp'-DDT) from fish muscle dried by two alternative methods: (i) grinding with anhydrous sodium sulphate and (ii) freeze drying. Pesticide residues content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) method. For four pesticides (γ-HCH, α-HCH, heptachlor and pp;-DDD) in four of five fish species, higher recoveries were obtained from the freeze-dried samples. For five remaining pesticides, correlations between fish species and drying method were not found. The results of this study do not clearly indicate which drying method caused lower losses of analytes. Recoveries from the freeze-dried samples ranged from 69.9 to 117.6 %, while recoveries from the samples ground with sodium sulphate varied from 64.4 to 126.7 %. Either of the methods gave satisfactory recoveries and they both can be used interchangeably. 相似文献
183.
Conservation Biology Framework for the Release of Wild-Born Orphaned Chimpanzees into the Conkouati Reserve, Congo 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Caroline E. G. Tutin §§ Marc Ancrenaz † Jorge Paredes ‡ Myriam Vacher-Vallas § Carmen Vidal Benoît Goossens †† Michael W. Bruford †† Aliette Jamart‡‡ 《Conservation biology》2001,15(5):1247-1257
Abstract: Returning confiscated animals to their native habitats is desirable when it makes a positive contribution to the conservation of the species. Release of captive individuals is complex and controversial, however, particularly when risks are potentially high, as in the case of orphaned apes. We describe the decision-making process that led to the successive release of 20 wild-born orphan chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes troglodytes ) into the Conkouati Reserve in the Republic of Congo. Recommendations of the Reintroduction Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union's Species Survival Commission were followed closely. The conservation status, ecology, and behavior of wild chimpanzees; the biological, social, economic and political context of the release site; and the health and genetic status of the candidates for release were all taken into account in the planning and execution of the project. Rigorous post-release monitoring of behavior and health allowed documentation of the outcome. The project was of benefit to the chimpanzees that were released but also brought broad benefits to the site through effective protection from poaching and deforestation, and direct and indirect benefits to local people. The genetic and behavioral diversity of chimpanzees require a variety of conservation strategies to reduce threats and maintain as many viable wild populations as possible. 相似文献
184.
The preferences exhibited by cleaner fishes for particular client species and the high variability in rates at which various clients visit cleaning stations have remained largely unexplained. In this study, we assessed the relative importance of client ectoparasite load and mucus characteristics for the behaviour of cleaning gobies, Elacatinus spp, and their fish clients on a Barbadian fringing reef. Client species with high ectoparasite loads visited cleaning stations more often than less parasitised species. This effect was independent of body size. Frequency of visits to cleaning stations was not related to client mucus characteristics. These results suggest that the main motivation for clients to interact with cleaners is ectoparasite removal. Cleaners did not preferentially clean clients with higher ectoparasite load or better mucus, nor did they spend more time inspecting such clients. The interests of cleaners and clients therefore appear to be inconsistent. This may be due to the generally low rate of ectoparasitism on Barbadian fish compared to fish of other regions. Cleaning gobies fed at a lower rate on client species with higher loads of gnathiid isopod larvae, which may be explained if cleaners switch from eating ectoparasites to other items, such as mucus, on clients with few ectoparasites. Our estimates of caloric and protein content of fish mucus suggest that it may be as valuable a food source per unit weight as ectoparasites. However, no data are available to compare the value of each item per unit feeding time. The fact that clients with few ectoparasites still visit cleaners, albeit at a low rate, suggests that the cost of mucus removal may be low, compared to the benefit of incidental parasite removal. Thus, the outcome of cleaning interactions may remain positive, even in areas characterised by naturally low parasitism on clients. 相似文献
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A carbon balance method for paper and wood products 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Côté WA Young RJ Risse KB Costanza AF Tonelli JP Lenocker C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,116(Z1):S1-S6
The approach used to track the flow of carbon sequestered in the forest through harvest, processing into products, and final disposition of products is described. The methodology is broadly flexible and applicable to forest-based carbon balance assessments. A carbon balance is computed across all forestland ownerships for the production facility of interest. The balance considers forest uptake, harvest, combustion of fuels, emissions from process steps and losses from product use, disposition and recycling. The method also allows for sensitivity and marginal assessments of a variety of real and hypothetical situations using variable assumptions. Example results for a vertically integrated pulp and paper mill are presented. Results suggest that integrated forest products facilities drawing their raw material from sustainably managed forests can achieve a net positive carbon balance over the product cycle. The amount of net carbon sequestration attributable to such facilities depends upon a number of factors. The most critical of these include net forest growth, the method for allocating the growth in forest carbon among all of those harvesting from the drain area of a given facility, and the use and disposal patterns for the paper or wood products manufactured. 相似文献