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In 1983, the species composition and diversity of carabids, spiders and harvestmen was investigated by pitfall traps in a grassy field margin and in an adjacent, biologically farmed wheat field at Obere Lobau, Vienna, Austria.The carabid fauna of both habitats was diverse; it showed a high degree of similarity, the abundant species in both habitats being represented by typical field species. Only Metophonus spp. predominantly lived in the margin. Numerous species of different habitat origin occurred in the margin at low abundances indicating transitional stay rather than permanent populations.In contrast, the spider fauna showed a low degree of similarity, with few agrobiotic species strongly dominating field fauna. In the field margin, a rich spider fauna containing rare elements indicates the general importance of grassy margins for nature conservation. The apparently low faunal exchange of spiders between the two habitat types is discussed. Harvestmen occurred mainly in the field margin; only two thermophilic species invaded the field.Seasonal fluctuations in the trapping numbers of Bembidion lampros, Platynus dorsalis and Brachinus explodens are interpreted as indicating migrations between field margin and field. Poecilus cupreus and certain other field species, however, apparently spend their entire life cycle in the field. The possible function of field margins for restoration of carabid losses due to impacts of intensive cultivation is discussed.It is concluded that both grassy field margins and sustainable farming methods, in particular biological farming, are necessary to maintain a diverse predatory arthropod fauna in agroecosystems. 相似文献
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András Bardossy Arne Färber Steffen Schönau Bernhard Westrich Thomas Jancke Gerhard Schmid Sven Wurms Karl Stahr Thomas Gaiser Harald Frauenknecht Thilo Streck Joachim Ingwersen Claudia Kreschnak Ulrich Kern Hilke Heppelmann Ekkehard Christoffels Ulrich Förstner Patrick Jacobs 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2006,18(1):67-69
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Rare royal families in honeybees, Apis mellifera 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moritz RF Lattorff HM Neumann P Kraus FB Radloff SE Hepburn HR 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(10):488-491
The queen is the dominant female in the honeybee colony, Apis mellifera, and controls reproduction. Queen larvae are selected by the workers and are fed a special diet (royal jelly), which determines
caste. Because queens mate with many males a large number of subfamilies coexist in the colony. As a consequence, there is
a considerable potential for conflict among the subfamilies over queen rearing. Here we show that honeybee queens are not
reared at random but are preferentially reared from rare “royal” subfamilies, which have extremely low frequencies in the
colony's worker force but a high frequency in the queens reared. 相似文献
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Bernhard Irrgang 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1990,77(12):569-577
A fundamentalistic point of view is for the evaluation of genetic engineering inadequate. Using ethics to evaluate the consequences is not valid for gene transfers across species as a morally relevant criterion but is rather the assessment of toxic, pathogenic, and ecological effects of transgenic organisms. A criterion for human genetics is not the inviolability of the human embryo, but social and human tolerance and the consent of the affected. 相似文献
40.
Vinzenz Brendler Annett Vahle Thuro Arnold Gert Bernhard Thomas Fanghnel 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2003,61(1-4):281
This paper presents a digitized version of a thermodynamic sorption database, implemented as a relational database with MS Access. It is mineral-specific and can therefore be used for additive models of complex solid phases such as rocks or soils. An integrated user interface helps users to access selected mineral and sorption data, to extract internally consistent data sets for sorption modeling, and to export them in formats suitable for other modeling software. Data records comprise mineral properties, specific surface area values, surface binding sites' characteristics, sorption ligand information, and surface complexation reactions. An extensive bibliography is included, providing links not only to the above listed data, but also to background information concerning surface complexation model theories, evidence for surface species, and sorption experimental techniques. 相似文献