The Economic Effect of Mineral Resources Exploitation in Bijie Prefecture in Guizhou

Abstract

The exploitation of mineral resources plays an important role in promoting national economic development. Mining is an essential component of China’s industrial economy. Using grey correlation method to analyze the correlative effect of mineral resources exploitation to relevant industries, using national income method to calculate the pulling effect of mineral resources exploitation to economic growth and using graphs as well as tables to analyze the income distribution effect, the article obtains active economic effect of mineral resources development in Bijie, Guizhou. Moreover, from the view of resources-cored effect, the article analyzes negative effects such as single industrial structure brought by mineral resource development. Through analysis, we find that mineral resources exploitation to some extent brings active effects including gross domestic product growth, local financial revenue growth and relevant industries development; however, its negative effects should not be ignored. The negative effect can be lightened by diversifying industrial structure and prolonging industrial chain.     

Weak indirect effects inherent to nitrogen biogeochemical cycling within anthropogenic ecosystems: A network environ analysis

Indirect effects are assumed to be the major causes of the complexity and stability of ecological networks. The complexity of urban-rural complexes (URCs) could also be attributed to the indirect effects associated with human activities. No studies, however, have quantified the strength of indirect effects in relation to urban biogeochemistry. A network environ analysis (NEA) was used for this study to investigate and compare indirect effects in relation to the nitrogen (N) cycling networks of 22 natural ecosystems and five URCs. Results show that indirect effects were proven to be weak for URC N cycling networks (accounting for only ∼2% of the overall effects measured in natural ecosystems). The weak indirect effects found provide a counterexample for the hypothesis that indirect effects are in fact the dominant components of biogeochemical networks. It also implies that human activity in itself does not always raise the complexity of ecological processes as previously suggested. Weak indirect effects also lead to perturbation fragility for URC N cycles (where the decay rate is greater in comparison to natural ecosystems by a factor of 13). In order to improve the robustness and efficiency of URC biogeochemical cycling, a knockout analysis was carried out. By comparing results after removing single interactions between natural ecosystems and URCs it was found that the loss of indirect effects require cooperative strategies to optimize N cycling networks within URCs.     

Effect of environmental parameters on the degradability of polymer films in laboratory-scale composting reactors

Previous research in our laboratory reported a convenient laboratory-scale composting test method to study the weight loss of polymer films in aerobic thermophilic (53°C) reactors maintained at a 60% moisture content. The laboratory-scale compost reactors contained the following synthetic compost mixture (percentage on dry-weight basis): tree leaves (45.0), shredded paper (16.5), food (6.7), meat (5.8), cow manure (17.5), sawdust (1.9), aluminum and steel shavings (2.4), glass beads (1.3), urea (1.9), and a compost seed (1.0) which is designated Mix-1 in this work. To simplify the laboratory-scale compost weight loss test method and better understand how compost mixture compositions and environmental parameters affect the rate of plastic degradation, a systematic variation of the synthetic mixture composition as well as the moisture content was carried out. Cellulose acetate (CA) with a degree of substitution (DS) value of 1.7 and cellophane films were chosen as test polymer substrates for this work. The extent of CA DS-1.7 and cellophane weight loss as a function of the exposure time remained unchanged when the metal and glass components of the mixture were excluded in Mix-2. Further study showed that large variations in the mixture composition such as the replacement of tree leaves, food, meat, and sawdust with steam-exploded wood and alfalfa (forming Mix-C) could be made with little or no change in the time dependence of CA DS-1.7 film weight loss. In contrast, substituting tree leaves, food, meat, cow manure, and sawdust with steam-exploded wood in combination with either Rabbit Choice (Mix-D) or starch and urea (Mix-E) resulted in a significant time increase (from 7 to 12 days) for the complete disappearance of CA DS-1.7 films. Interestingly, in this work no direct correlation was observed between the C/N ratio (which ranged from 13.9 to 61.4) and the CA DS-1.7 film weight loss. Decreasing moisture contents of the compost Mix-2 from 60 and 50 and 40% resulted in dramatic changes in polymer degradation such that CA DS-1.7 showed an increase in the time period for a complete disappearance of polymer films from 6 to 16 and 30 days, respectively.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.     

乘用车不锈钢装饰条耐蚀性能研究

采用化学分析、金相分析、盐雾试验方法研究了市场上几款车型不锈钢装饰条的化学成分、金相组织和耐蚀性能。试验结果显示,SUS430MA BA5和SUS436L耐大气腐蚀性能良好,是理想的装饰条材料,SUS430因含C量高,且不含稳定化元素Nb和Ti,耐蚀性差,不适合用做装饰条。     

水环境中4-叔辛基苯酚的污染现状与生态风险评估

4-叔辛基苯酚是一种具有内分泌干扰效应的有机污染物,已广泛存在于环境介质中,有必要关注其生态风险。本文依据2010年以来4-叔辛基苯酚在我国8个湖库、11条主要河流、9个城市市内河流、污水处理厂进出水以及近海的水体和沉积物的环境暴露浓度数据,以及4-叔辛基苯酚的急慢性毒性数据。采用物种敏感性分布法(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)估算了4-叔辛基苯酚淡水、海水以及沉积物的预测无效应浓度(predicted no effect concentration, PNEC),并采用商值法对其进行了生态风险评估。结果表明,长江水系、珠江水系中4条河流地表水部分点位生态风险高,且珠江水系的风险相对较高;9个城市中的上海、广州、宁波、济南、太原和东莞6个城市河流部分点位生态风险较高;28个淡水地表水点位中,高生态风险占比为35.7%。10处有浓度数据报道的淡水沉积物中,9处为低风险,1处为中风险,海水及海洋沉积物均为低风险,4-叔辛基苯酚对我国淡水环境的影响应该引起重视。     

The combination of chemical,structural, and functional indicators to evaluate the anthropogenic impacts on agricultural stream ecosystems

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Freshwater contamination by pesticides in agricultural landscapes is of increasing concern worldwide, with strong pesticide impacts on biodiversity,...     

纺织印染厂废水的深度处理中试及工程应用

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)-臭氧-曝气生物滤池工艺对广东某大型纺织印染厂的常规水解酸化-接触生物氧化处理出水进行深度处理回用中试,在中试研究成功的基础上,设计了每小时处理5 t的工业化试验装置。试验运行结果表明:进水COD为100~150 mg/L,色度约80倍,浊度约10 NTU,在前BAF水力停留时间3 h,中间化学氧化池中臭氧投加量40 mg/L,后BAF水力停留时间2 h的情况下,经组合工艺处理后出水COD约30 mg/L,色度2倍,浊度<1 NTU,该工艺处理后的出水,可直接回用于对电解质浓度要求不高的生产工艺中,也可作为反渗透或纳滤膜的预处理工序。     

环氧化合物分子结构与致变活性的关系

由化学物质毒性效应登录(RTECS)1998年光盘系统检索获得86种环氧化合物对鼠沙门氏菌致变活性数据.应用主成分分析法从11种分子描述符中选择出5种对致变活性有明显影响的描述符:碳原子数,苯环数,氢原子数,烷基数和氧原子数.通过样本学习集训练并优化神经网络结构,建模分类预报:对于86个样本,低和高2类活性,正确分类率达到92%.结果表明:3～4个骈接苯环的环氧化物的特殊结构具有很强的致变活性.     

100年来东湖富营养化发生的沉积学记录

在210Pb计年的基础上,运用水生生物遗存、色素、有机碳同位素和磁化率分析了东湖钻孔沉积物中的生物与环境信息,重建了东湖100多年来湖泊营养与环境演化历史.研究发现东湖100多年来在人类活动不断增强的背景下,指示重金属污染的磁化率和指示湖泊富营养化的色素指标如蓝藻叶黄素(Myx)、颤藻黄素(Osc)快速上升,相应的水生生物如介形虫、腹足类、水生高等植物等表现明显的组合和变化阶段,同时有机碳同位素偏正与湖泊生产力升高和藻类繁盛有关.沉积记录表明东湖生态系统近代发生了深刻变化,湖泊营养演化自早至晚呈现四阶段性:贫营养阶段(1900-1966AD)色素水平低、拥有较丰富的水生高等植物和腹足类;中营养阶段(1966-1983AD)色素含量增高、水生高等植物和腹足类减少;富营养化阶段(1983-1989AD)色素含量快速增高、水生高等植物消失;超富营养化阶段(1989AD－至今)色素含量稳定居高、某些耐污染的介形类较繁盛.结果对于认识湖泊生态环境演化与人类活动的关系、以及如何治理湖泊环境具有现实的意义.