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151.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites. 相似文献
152.
Effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrous oxide emission in a sandy loam soil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To understand the effects of long-term amendment of organic manure and N fertilizer on N2O emission in the North China Plain, a laboratory incubation at different temperatures and soil moistures were carried out using soils treated with organic manure (OM), half organic manure plus half fertilizer N (HOM), fertilizer NPK (NPK), fertilizer NP (NP), fertilizer NK (NK), fertilizer PK (NK) and control (CK) since 1989. Cumulative N2O emission in OM soil during the 17 d incubation period was slightly higher than in NPK soil under optimum nitrification conditions (25℃ and 60% water-filled pore space, WFPS), but more than twice under the optimum denitrification conditions (35℃ and 90% WFPS). N2O produced by denitrification was 2.1-2.3 times greater than that by nitrification in OM and HOM soils, but only 1.5 times greater in NPK and NP soils. These results implied that the long-term amendment of organic manure could significantly increase the N2O emission via denitrification in OM soil as compared to NPK soil. This is quite different from field measurement between OM soil and NPK soil. Substantial inhibition of the formation of anaerobic environment for denitrification in field might result in no marked difference in N2O emission between OM and NPK soils. This is due in part to more rapid oxygen diffusion in coarse textured soils than consumption by aerobic microbes until WFPS was 75% and to low easily decomposed organic C of organic manure. This finding suggested that addition of organic manure in the tested sandy loam might be a good management option since it seldom caused a burst of N2O emission but sequestered atmospheric C and maintained efficiently applied N in soil. 相似文献
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154.
A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater. 相似文献
155.
T-RFLP方法分析城市污水处理厂中细菌群落的动态变化 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
采用基于16SrRNA基因的末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP),分析了功能稳定的2个城市污水处理系统中(系统A及系统B),细菌群落结构在105d中的动态变化.在研究中,系统A和系统B功能稳定,BOD出水浓度均在8mg/L左右,总氮(TN)出水浓度分别在25mg/L和23mg/L之下.T-RFLP图谱分析表明,系统A中,115、118、123、471、482和835bp等T-RFs的相对丰度变化显著,系统B中,123、471、750和835bp等T-RFs的相对丰度变化显著.移动窗口分析表明,系统A中细菌群落的平均变化率Δt(15d)为21.5%±5.7%,系统B的平均变化率Δt(15d)为22.6%±5.0%.洛伦兹曲线分析表明,系统A中20%的微生物的累积相对丰度为43%~50%;系统B中20%的微生物的累积相对丰度为47%~52%.结果表明,在城市污水处理厂中,稳定的功能并没有藕联着稳定的细菌群落结构. 相似文献
156.
157.
158.
CMC-膨润土交联固定镰刀菌反应器对对氯苯酚废水的降解特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用CMC-膨润土交联方法固定镰刀菌,研究了其固定方法对4-CP废水的降解效果,考察了固定化生物反应器间歇与连续运行处理4-CP废水的降解性能.结果表明,CMC-膨润土包埋固定镰刀菌对4-CP的降解速率最大;反应器问歇运行时,4-CP的降解率随其初始浓度增加而有所下降,浓度高于50 mg·L-1的4-CP降解过程基本上... 相似文献
159.
160.
基于多目标决策的水污染负荷分配方法 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
为科学、合理地配置汇流区域的水污染负荷,从经济最优性、公平性综合决策角度,构建了一个以区域环境经济收益最大化、水污染负荷削减费用和加权综合基尼系数等最小化为目标的水污染负荷分配多目标决策优化模型,并将该模型应用于巢湖流域COD削减负荷分摊中.计算得到合肥市、肥东县、肥西县、巢湖市、庐江县、无为县、含山县、和县和舒城县等... 相似文献