海南省麒麟菜自然保护区麒麟菜资源研究

2012年对海南省麒麟菜保护区内野生麒麟菜资源进行调查研究。结果表明,海南省麒麟菜自然保护区有琼枝和耳突卡帕藻2种麒麟菜,优势种为琼枝。保护区内麒麟菜分布面积约为19.40 km2,平均覆盖度为0.54%,平均生物量为7.30 g/m2。其中文昌海域约为14.35 km2,平均覆盖度为0.55%,平均生物量为7.85 g/m2;琼海海域约为5.05 km2,平均覆盖度为0.49%,平均生物量为5.78 g/m2。伴生生物有33科50种,其中多毛类有9科14种,软体动物有14科17种,甲壳类9科18种以及棘皮动物1科1种,平均生物量为6.38 g/m2,平均栖息密度为72.72个/m2。优势种为斑纹围沙蚕、地中海巨亮钩虾、雷氏藻钩虾和四肢舟钩虾。受草食性动物、渔业活动、陆源污染和海洋工程影响海南省麒麟菜保护区麒麟菜大面积减少。     

水体中几种无机离子对硝酸根敏化甲芬那酸光降解影响研究

以中压汞灯为光源,研究环境浓度范围内硝酸根对甲芬那酸(MEF)光降解的影响机制.结果表明,甲芬那酸在不同浓度硝酸根溶液中的光解反应符合准一级动力学规律,其降解速率常数随硝酸根离子浓度增大而增大,当硝酸根离子浓度由0增至1 mmol·L-1时其速率常数由0.00627 min-1增至0.0232 min-1;以异丙醇为分子探针检测到羟基自由基存在于MEF光解过程中;光解过程中产生亚硝酸根,其浓度随着反应的进行而不断增大;碱性水环境对硝酸根敏化甲芬那酸的光解反应有利;碳酸盐、氯离子、三价铁对硝酸根敏化甲芬那酸光解产生抑制作用.采用UPLC/MS/MS对硝酸根敏化MEF光降解产物进行鉴定,并提出3条可能的光解路径.毒性研究表明,在硝酸根敏化甲芬那酸光降解过程中,生成了具有较甲芬那酸而言更高风险的中间产物.     

Remote estimation of cyanobacterial blooms using the risky grade index (RGI) and coverage area index (CAI): a case study in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are exemplified as a major environmental concern due to producing toxin, and have generated a serious threat to public...     

Ecological and economic impacts of green roofs and permeable pavements at the city level: the case of Corvallis,Oregon

A city's spatial footprint is covered by extensive impervious building roofs and paved surfaces, which contribute to greater storm-water runoff, more surface pollutants, and less carbon sequestration, hence, worse ecosystem services. This research conducts an empirical study on the ecological and economic impacts of a citywide adoption of green roofs and permeable pavements in Corvallis, OR. The effects on ecosystem services of using green roofs and pervious pavements for a low impact development are modelled using Integrated Value of Ecosystem Services Trade-offs and compared to those from the City's current conventional development without green roofs and pervious pavements. The differences are analysed for ecological impact by storm-water yield, storm-water purification, and carbon sequestration and economic impact by a cost-benefit comparison. The results indicate that low impact development, especially intensive green roofs on commercial/industrial buildings and permeable pavements for parking lots, plays a significant role, even with a higher initial implementation cost, for long-term urban sustainability.     

湘西金矿沃溪矿区通风系统改造研究

基于矿井目前通风系统存在的问题,运用子域分区单元子系统通风方式、不同类型的中段通风网路、风流净化、入风流预冷、自然风压的合理利用等技术对通风系统进行 了优化改造.系统改造后,风量充足,风流稳定,通风能力与生产能力相适应,较好地解决了深部通风问题,取得了显著的技术效果和节能效益.     

强震下饱和软粘土残余变形理论与试验研究

通过对杭州饱和软粘土进行双向激振循环三轴试验研究了强震作用下饱和软粘土的变形特性.重点分析了循环应力比、径向循环应力比与初始剪应力等因素对双向激振下饱和软粘土残余应变与软化指数之间关系的影响.通过引入综合影响参数对试验数据进行归一化,建立了双向激振下饱和软粘土残余应变模型.通过将该模型引入到修正的Iwan模型中对双向激振下饱和软粘土的应力-应变关系进行了描述,得到了与实测值比较吻合的结果,证明了所提残余应变模型的合理性.     

我国环境监察执法组织的改革趋势探讨

环境监察执法组织作为政府职能部门,代表国家履行环境监管的职责,其组织设置既受到我国整体行政管理体制改革和发展趋势的影响,又要反映出履行自身特殊业务的客观要求.文章首先分析了环境监察执法组织的宏观环境,并从组织结构要素和优化组织功能的角度指出了环境监察执法组织改革所涉及到的规模、流程、战略、技术与劳动力因素,最后根据公共组织的固有特点和环境保护的特殊性提出了涉及体制、结构、工具和对象等五个方面的改革原则.文章结论认为,环境执法作为一项比较新的政府管理职能,要使它有效应对我国目前日益严峻的环境问题,就需要从相关的体制、职权、方式上入手,对环境监察执法组织进行系统创新.     

Successful outcome following prenatal intervention in a female fetus with bladder outlet obstruction

Bladder outlet obstructions are a diverse and heterogeneous group of developmental abnormalities that generally involve obstruction of the proximal urethra in the male fetus. Indications for prenatal intervention are few and are usually restricted to the male fetus because bladder outlet obstruction in female fetuses is usually caused by complex cloacal development anomalies. We report on a female fetus with an enlarged bladder and a dilated proximal urethra (known as typical keyhole sign). A vesicoamniotic shunt was performed despite non-reassuring prognostic factors, but the procedure resulted in a successful outcome. We propose that in selected cases of bladder outlet obstruction, fetal intervention should be considered even when the fetus is female. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》的目标管理探讨——兼论安全目标管理的方法与流程

“目标”是《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》等管理体系标准的关键管理要素之一.在管理体系标准实施的过程中,对目标这一管理要素一直存在着争议和困惑.介绍了目标管理(MBO)的内涵、理论、方法与存在的主要问题,对《企业安全生产标准化基本规范》中与目标相关的管理要素如5.1、5.5.5、5.8.3、5.13.1要素等进行了较为详细的解读.认为企业在理解和实施安全生产标准化系统的目标要素时,需要关注以下三个要点:第一是明确安全目标的来源和作用；第二是构建一个树状结构的安全目标体系,它应包括企业层面的结果导向型目标、要素层面的结果或过程导向型目标以及过程层面的过程导向型目标,并给出了一个企业的安全管理目标体系的案例；第三是建立较为完善的安全目标管理制度.