长春市中心城区道路绿地土壤肥力调查与评价研究

实验采集了长春市中心城区12条主干道的0 cm~20 cm土壤进行调查,研究其容重、孔隙度、p H值、有机物含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量等理化性质,使用内梅罗指数法对土壤肥力进行了综合评价。结果表明:道路土壤p H值变幅8.10~9.70,与自然土壤相比p H值总体呈现碱性;有机质含量均值为37.94 g/kg,有机质含量较高,但变异系数大,各道路间差异较大;速效磷含量变化范围是2.92~51.18 mg/kg,处于中等偏低水平;碱解氮含量平均值为118.05 mg/kg,处在中等水平;土壤肥力指数在0.54~2.00之间,长春市道路土壤较为贫瘠。     

雨天硫酸盐化速率样品扩散分析

选择采样期不同降雨天数的碱片，测定余边的硫酸盐化速率含量，其结果为：采样期全月无雨时，余边上的硫酸盐均未检出；半月以上至全月有雨时检出率为１００％，检出量占样品量的２．７０～１５．９５％。经扩散试验，查清了余边上的硫酸盐主要是有效面积上采集的样品的扩散，并提出了相应的修正方法。     

奎屯市区城市废水排污系统网络化的探讨

根据奎屯市区城市废水的排放量大、排污口多、污染物浓度高以及排污下水管道污水处理设施的建成现状等特点，提出了以污水处理厂为治理中心，市区排污管道网络化的改造设想、存在问题及对策。     

广州市大气细粒子的化学组成与来源

对广州市四个不同功能区(石井、荔湾、天河和海珠)的夏季大气PM2.5进行了为期一个月的监测,并测试分析了其化学组成(有机碳/元素碳、水溶性离子和元素)。结果表明,广州市夏季PM2.5的平均浓度为97.54μg/m3,其化学组分有机物、SO42-和EC对PM2.5质量浓度贡献最大,分别占PM2.5质量浓度的42%~52%、25%~47%和10%~17%。化学质量平衡模型研究表明,机动车排放和煤燃烧是对广州市大气PM2.5影响最大的污染源,其贡献率分别为54%~75%和32%~52%。     

湛江南桥河、北桥河水重金属含量及分布的研究

通过硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解样品,采用ICP-AES法测定了河水中锌、铅、镉、砷、镍、铁、铬、铜等重金属元素的含量,并分析了这些重金属元素在不同河段、不同水期含量的分布情况。测定结果的RSD<9%,加标回收率在86.0%~103.4%之间,检出限在0.832~2.42μg/L之间,该方法快速、稳定、效果较好。     

城市环境空气质量监测网格实测法优化布点研究质量保证

质量保证体系是网格实测法环境空气质量监测优化布点研究工作的重要组成 ,该体系可确保实测数据准确可靠和研究成果质量 ,具有可操作性并已在实践中应用 ,取得满意效果     

昌吉州生态环境现状调查

通过对昌吉州近年生态环境保护工作及建设的概述,并对“八五”末期和“九五”末期生态环境现状的对比,说明昌吉州生态环境存在的问题,为生态环境保护规划和生态建设决策提供可靠的依据。     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定饮用水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法讨论

用10ml氯仿萃取离子缔合物一次,洗涤一次,不稀释。它与国标方法的线性回归无显著性差异,此方案测定样品的准确度En为0·34,小于1,结果令人满意,测量不确定度是除国标方法外最低的方案。因此它具有低污染、操作简单的特点,并可用于常规检测饮用水中的LAS。     

Occurrence of dissolved PAHs in the Jinsha River (Panzhihua)--upper reaches of the Yangtze River,Southwest China

16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in water samples from the Jinsha River (Panzhihua part), Southwest China. Total dissolved PAH concentrations varied from 21.89 microg l(-1) to 382.8 microg l(-1). It was found that the concentration of PAHs decreased along the flow direction due to the higher density distribution of coal chemical industry in the upstream of our study rivers. The pollution levels in our study area are significantly higher than previously reported values in other waters both in China and other countries. The predominance of benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene was clearly observed in all water samples. On average these two compounds accounted for 98.3% of the total dissolved PAH concentration in water. The results showed the positive correlations among total dissolved PAHs, benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, which suggested that these two predominant PAHs have similar source and environmental behaviors in our study area. When compared with the survey results of organic micropollutants two decades ago, it was found that hydrocarbon pollution both predominated and even increased with the development of coal chemical industry in this area during the past 20 years. The results therefore provide important information on the current contamination status of a key industrial city in China, and points to the need for urgent action to investigate the relationship between the PAH composition and concentration in water from the Jinsha River and the wastewater discharge from coal chemical industry, and to identify the source, transport pathway and fate of PAHs in the area. It should then be necessary to adopt appropriate and instant measures to control the pollution around this area.     

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定饮用水中的微量硒

氢化物发生原子荧光法测定饮用水中的微量硒时。仪器条件和试剂的浓度选择很重要。本文对条件的最佳化进行了实验。并对方法的精密度、准确度和检出限进行了讨论。