壳聚糖及其衍生物在工业废水处理中的应用研究进展

壳聚糖是一种对环境友好同时具有多种特性的天然高分子聚合物。以壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水,安全无毒、可生物降解、无二次污染。对国内外近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在印染、电镀、食品加工、造纸等工业废水处理方面的研究和应用进展进行了扼要的综述。     

沙尘对直升机挂架影响的分析及试验验证方法

介绍了直升机寿命周期中遇到的沙尘环境类型和沙尘破坏机理以及影响沙尘作用的主要因素。系统地分析了沙尘对挂架的影响以及在挂架设计中的抗沙尘设计和实际使用过程中的控制和防护,最后给出了实验室沙尘环境模拟试验方法。     

航空产品腐蚀损伤当量折算方法研究

阐述了航空产品在使用过程中腐蚀损伤的一般规律,综述了腐蚀损伤当量化研究的最新进展,研究了航空金属材料、工艺和结构件腐蚀损伤当量折算方法,并提出了腐蚀损伤当量折算方法的研究发展方向。     

我国灾害信息传播的研究现状与展望

近年来灾害事件频发,有关灾害信息传播的研究成为传播学的一个热点研究方向,目前我国灾害信息传播的研究角度众多,取得了较为丰硕的成果,但大多还只停留在个案研究层面,系统研究有待加强。本文在分析现状的基础上,提出了整合传播是我国灾害信息传播研究的新方向,并可分出传播渠道整合、传播内容整合和传媒自身整合等众多研究分支。     

Particulate matter and metals partitioning in highway rainfall-runoff

This study investigated the particulate matter (PM) and metals in highway dry deposition and rainfall-runoff as a function of hydrologic transport and settling on an event basis. Events were differentiated as mass-limited (ML) and flow-limited (FL). Results indicate that unique and separate suspended sediment concentration (SSC) relationships with turbidity occurred for ML and FL events. Sixty minutes of quiescent settling produced a single SSC-turbidity relationship for all events. ML events transport higher proportions of settleable and sediment PM while FL events transported relatively higher suspended PM. For batch clarification with one hour of settling, ML events had generally higher treatment efficiencies compared to FL events for the same settling conditions. Highway dry deposition PM was hetero-disperse and coarse (d _{50 m} = 304 μm). Results indicate that the acidic rainfall is not a significant contributor to metals in runoff but is capable of leaching metals from dry deposition PM into runoff. Partitioning in retained runoff resulted in a particulate-bound predominance for most metals except Ca and Mg. While the finer fraction of dry deposition PM (< 75 μm) generates the highest metal concentrations, the highest metal mass is associated with the coarser fraction (> 75 μm).     

A bioaugmentation failure caused by phage infection and weak biofilm formation ability

Two biological aerated filters (BAF) were setup for ammonia removal treatment of the circulation water in a marine aquaculture. One of the BAFs was bioaugmented with a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Lutimonas sp. H10, where the ammonia removal was not improved and the massive inoculation was even followed by a nitrification breakdown from day 9 to 18. The nitrification was remained stable in control BAF operated under the same conditions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted probes and cultivable method revealed that Lutimonas sp. H10 almost disappeared from the bioaugomented BAF within 3 d, and this was mainly due to the infection of a specific phage as revealed by flask experiment, plaque assay and transmission electron observation. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries showed that bacterial groups from two reactors evolved di erently and an overgrowth of protozoa was observed in the bioaugmented BAF. Therefore, phage infection and poor biofilm forming ability of the inoculated strain are the main reasons for bioaugmentation failure. In addition, grazing by protozoa of the bacteria might be the reason for the nitrification breakdown in bioaugmented BAF during day 9–18.     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

长三角重点行业大气污染物排放及控制对策

研究重点分析了长江三角洲地区电力和水泥行业的大气污染物排放特征,并结合相关行业统计数据和污染物排放因子,对2004年这两个重点行业的大气污染物排放量进行了估算。结论如下:长三角地区火电行业2004年SO2、烟尘、NOX和燃煤大气汞排放量分别为149.2×104t、21.1×104t、87.6×104t和13.7t。2004年江、浙、沪三地水泥行业共排放工艺粉尘76.2×104t,其中PM10为70.1×104t、PM2.5为45.9×104t,气态污染物SO2、NOX、CO和氟化物排放量分别为12.4×104t、49.5×104t、247.9×104t和7.4×104t。并对长三角地区电力和水泥行业的污染控制问题提出一些相关举措。     

Models3在北京地区PM_(10)模拟应用中的三维系统检验

为研究北京地区大气PM10的变化规律和三维空间结构,文章基于Models3/CMAQ空气质量模式,利用北京及周边省市详细调查的污染源数据,采取双层网格嵌套技术建立起适用于北京及周边地区的大气PM10数值模拟系统。为了检验该模式系统的准确性和可靠性,文章将模拟结果与北京市城近郊区7个地面站近2500h的逐时地面监测数据以及一次典型污染过程的激光雷达垂直观测记录分别进行了对比分析,结果表明,该模式系统较好的反映了北京地区PM10浓度三维时空分布特征,是研究华北地区复杂地形下大气PM10传输及演变规律的一个有效工具。     

羧甲基壳聚糖絮凝剂的研制及其应用研究

用氯乙酸对壳聚糖进行化学改性,制备了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC),探讨了原料用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对羧甲基取代度(羧化度DS)的影响,并用红外光谱(IR)对其结构进行了表征。海水的絮凝实验结果表明羧甲基壳聚糖能有效去除海水的浊度和化学需氧量(COD),最佳条件下浊度去除率可达到95%,COD去除率为55%左右。羧甲基壳聚糖在海水的絮凝处理中有良好的应用前景。