NiCeY改性沸石吸附燃料油中二苯并噻吩的研究

用NaY沸石制备了负载二元金属Ni和Ce的NiCeY燃料油脱硫吸附剂,并通过静态吸附实验考察了NiCeY沸石对模拟燃油中二苯并噻吩（DBT）的吸附性能。结果表明,在正辛烷/DBT体系中,NiCeY 对DBT的吸附平衡时间为2 h;剂油比对脱硫率有明显影响,剂油比为0.1 g/mL时脱硫率达100%。在正辛烷/DBT/环己烯体系中,吸附剂对DBT吸附量的大小顺序为：NaY＜NiY＜CeY相似文献   

海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯凝胶球去除废水中重金属离子的研究

研究了海藻酸钠浓度及固化时间对海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯(SA-PEO)凝胶球性能的影响以及采用SA-PEO凝胶球对溶液中3种重金属离子(Pb2 ,Cu2 、Cd2 )进行吸附实验的研究.结果表明,2.0%(质量分数)的SA溶液制成的凝胶球性能较好,固化时间对重金属去除率影响较小,但随着固化时间的增加,SA-PEO凝胶球的直径逐渐缩小,紧密程度和机械强度逐渐增加;在重金属离子溶液pH为4～6时,SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子去除率较高;SA-PEO凝胶球对不同重金属离子吸附效果为pb2 >Cu2 >Cd2 ;多种重金属离子共存使得SA-PEO凝胶球对Pb2 和Cd2 的吸附受一定程度的抑制,而对Cu2 吸附能力有所增强,说明SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子吸附有选择性;1.00 mol/L的HCl溶液对Pb2 的解吸效果较好,解吸再生后的SA-PEO凝胶球可以重复利用.     

氧化还原电位对活性污泥合成聚3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸酯组分的影响

分析了低DO下,乙酸钠、丙酸钠或葡萄糖作碳源,不同氧化还原电位(ORP)对活性污泥合成聚3-羟基丁酸-co-3-羟基戊酸酯(PHBV)的组分和产量的影响.结果显示,ORP从-30mV(厌氧)增加到 100mV(好氧),PHBV共聚物的产量增加,PHBV共聚物中3-羟基戊酸(HV)单体的摩尔分数降低,细胞生长量和碳源利用量增加;乙酸钠作单一碳源,ORP为-30mV时,PHBV共聚物中HV摩尔分数达到21.0%,ORP为 30mV时,PHBV共聚物在细胞内的质量分数达到35.0%.因此,DO是影响活性污泥合成PHBV共聚物的产量以及PHBV共聚物中HV摩尔分数的重要影响因素.     

Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the Haihe River in China

The occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones (FQs), nine sulfonamides (SAs) and five macrolides (MLs), in the Haihe River were investigated. Surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were found in all surface water samples. SAs were the predominant antibiotics in surface water samples in the mainstream of Haihe River, with the maximum concentration of 201 ng L(-1) for sulfamethoxazole. Compared with Haihe River, higher concentrations of antibiotics were found in the surface water samples in the Dagu and Chentaizi Drainage Rivers. The antibiotics pollution in the mainstream of Haihe River may derive from its tributaries, whereas the wastewater from fish ponds was not the main source of FQs, SAs and MLs in the river water. In sediment samples, FQs were the most frequently detected antibiotics and their concentrations were much higher than SAs and MLs. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of FQs in sediments indicate that sediments are an important reservoir for FQs as they are strongly adsorbed onto sediments. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin exhibited potential bioaccumulation in crucian carp, with mean bioaccumulation factors of 3262 L kg(-1) and 4492 L kg(-1), respectively.     

大气环境中O_3测试方法的研究

靛蓝二磺酸钠（ＩＤＳ）浓度对Ｏ３的吸收效率影响很大,增加ＩＤＳ的浓度将增大ＩＤＳ与Ｏ３的碰撞概率,因此,用一支单层玻板吸收管就能测定大气中的Ｏ３,其吸收效率可达１００％。     

应用计算机评价铁灭克农药对地下水污染的影响

研究了铁灭克农药(Aldicarb)对地下水污染的影响,同时用美国环保局提供的PRZM模型进行模拟.结果表明,田间试验的实测值与PRZM的模拟值吻合良好.在本试验条件下,棉田使用铁灭克对地下水无污染影响.研究表明,PRZM模型可以用来模拟铁灭克农药在其它平原地区使用时对地下水的影响。     

Atmospheric emission of polychlorinated biphenyls from multiple industrial thermal processes

In this study, field measurements were conducted to estimate and characterize the atmospheric emission levels and profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from multiple industrial thermal processes. The emission levels and profiles of PCBs from five types of thermal processes at twenty-three plants were studied and compared with eight processes reported in our previous studies. Correlation analysis was preformed to identify a marker congener for emission of ΣPCB. A significant correlation was observed between congener CB-118 and ΣPCB (R² = 0.65 and p < 0.01), which suggests that CB-118 is a good marker congener for emission of ΣPCB. The profiles of PCBs emitted from the thirteen thermal processes were compared, and this information could be used for studying source–receptor relationships and identifying the specific sources of PCBs. To prioritize the sources for control, the concentrations of PCBs from thirteen industrial thermal sources were compared. The PCB concentrations from secondary zinc smelting and thermal wire reclamation were about one to three order magnitude higher than those of other sources, which suggests that these two sources be given priority in PCB source control. Finally, the atmospheric emission factors of PCBs from the thirteen industrial sources were summarized, and these data will be useful for developing an integrated emission inventory of PCBs.     

废旧线路板真空热解油合成热固性酚醛树脂

以废旧线路板真空热解油为原料,NaOH为催化剂,与甲醛的缩聚反应合成热固性酚醛树脂(TPR),重点考察了合成条件对产物固含量的影响。结果表明,合成热固性酚醛树脂的最佳条件为:每38.5 g热解油加入甲醛、催化剂分别为40 g、10 g,第1阶段温度为60℃、反应时间为3 h,第2阶段温度为95℃、反应时间按为3 h,其中催化剂的加入量是最主要的影响因素。通过红外光谱分析(IR)及热重分析(TG)测定了合成产物的结构和性能,并对产物进行了力学性能的检测。结果证明,以热解油为原料合成的酚醛树脂出现了CH2、CH—OH等特征峰,且产物的耐热温度在300℃以上,拉伸强度达到了39.6 MPa,与以苯酚为原料合成的酚醛树脂相近,研究结果表明,真空热加油为原料合成酚醛树脂是可行的。     

完全自营养脱氮过程中的影响因素

基于正交实验考察了溶解氧（DO）、初始NH4＋-N浓度、pH对SBR自营养脱氮性能的影响。结果表明,DO和NH4＋-N浓度对好氧氨氧化速率影响大,pH对好氧氨氧化速率的影响小;DO、NH4＋-N浓度对亚硝酸氧化速率的影响较大,pH对亚硝酸氧化速率的影响较小;DO、NH4＋-N浓度和pH对厌氧氨氧化菌（ANAOB）的活性影响较小。好氧氨氧化菌（AOB）直接影响到CANON系统的总氮去除能力,是CANON系统的控制反应,DO是关键控制因子。实验确定的CANON系统优化运行条件为,DO（0．3±0．05）mg／L、初始NH4＋-N浓度150mg／L和pH7．4。     

Occupational exposure to synthetic musks in barbershops,compared with the common exposure in the dormitories and households

Synthetic musks (SMs) have been widely used as fragrance ingredients in personal care and sanitary commodities. Due to their high volatility and particle-binding affinity, the indoor dust is a major reservoir of SMs, and dust ingestion could be an important exposure way to special populations, such as hairdressers. In spite of the known toxicity of SMs, there is no information regarding the occurrence of SMs in barbershop dusts and the exposure of hairdressers through indoor dust ingestion. In the present study, the levels of two nitro musks and five polycyclic musks were measured from indoor dust samples collected from barbershops, and some other indoor dust samples were also collected from dormitories, bathhouses and households for comparison. The concentrations of ∑SMs in barbershop dusts were 10–100 times higher than those from the other three indoor microenvironments. Polycyclic musks accounted for 89.4% of ∑SMs on average in all samples, of which two compounds, HHCB and AHTN jointly dominated 97.9% of polycyclic musks. The levels of HHCB and AHTN varied from 12.2 to 8.39 × 10⁵ and from 13.2 to 3.49 × 10⁵ ng g⁻¹, respectively. The daily intakes (DIs) of ∑SMs through house dust ingestion were estimated using the model of high dust ingestion and worst-case exposure (P95), and the corresponding exposure rates were 2791, 135 and 727 ng d⁻¹ for the hairdressers, general population and toddlers. SMs were also detected in blood samples collected from the hairdressers and normal adults (n = 50 and 10, respectively). There was no significant difference between these two groups. Despite the absence of higher SM concentrations in hairdresser’s blood, we should not overlook the potential occupational health risks due to their high SMs ingestion rate.