垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理技术改造实例分析

综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的物理化学、生物、土地处理等技术。对某地已投入使用的垃圾填埋场渗滤液的生物处理设施技术改造进行了较详细的分析探讨。     

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applied for the analysis of triazine herbicides in environmental waters

The excess use of triazine herbicides in agriculture causes severe contamination to the environment especially for ground water. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze simazine, atrazine (ATR), cyanazine, as well as the degradation products of ATR such as deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine in environmental water samples. These compounds were baseline separated by the established GC method. The water samples were pre-concentrated by solid-phase-extraction (SPE) and analyzed by ion trap MS at sub- to low-ppt levels. Recovery of ATR by the SPE pre-concentration using a C18 cartridge was determined as 90.5 +/- 3.5%. Detection limit of the method using selected ion monitoring technique for ATR was 1.7 ppt when one liter water was analyzed. The relative analytical error for ATR fortified water samples at 200 ppt was -12.5% (n=12) with triple analysis and the relative standard deviation was 3.2%. Trace levels of ATR at 3.9 and 9.7 ppt were determined in water samples collected from a reservoir and a river in Hong Kong.     

气相色谱法测定糙米中水胺硫磷和甲基异柳磷的残留量

本文用带氮磷检测器的气相色谱仪,测定糙米中水胺硫磷和甲基异柳磷残留量,结果表明:水胺硫磷和甲基异柳磷最小检出量分别为1.3×10~(-11)g和2.8×10~(-12)g,最低检出浓度分别为0.7ppb和0.1ppb,回收率添加浓度为0.05—5mg/kg时,回收率范围分别为89.9—97.8％和100.7—104.9％,变异系数绝对值分别为3.42—5.58％和1.33—2.36％。     

The maximum power principle: An empirical investigation

The maximum power principle is a potential guide to understanding the patterns and processes of ecosystem development and sustainability. The principle predicts the selective persistence of ecosystem designs that capture a previously untapped energy source. This hypothesis was investigated empirically in controlled and replicated tests conducted in planktonic microcosms. Microecosystems that developed under a pH-controlled light regime, in which light duration was altered based on changes in an ecosystem-controllable variable (water column pH), were compared with those that developed under fixed photoperiods. According to the principle, pH-decreasing (and power-increasing) organization should selectively persist under pH-controlled light. To assess changes in pH dynamics that occurred under the alternative selection regime, in which photoperiods were not linked with pH-affecting selection or organization, the microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods were subjected to pH-controlled light on the last day of each test. The daily light duration increased 506 min on average in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light and 412 min on average in microecosystems that developed under fixed photoperiods. Selective reinforcement of acid-secreting blue-green algae in response to CO₂ and nutrient limitations could account for the greater increase in power acquisition in microecosystems that developed under pH-controlled light.     

X射线粉末法计算晶胞参数及粉末图指标化的微机程序

本文介绍了一个用BASIC语言编写的微机程序,即CDI程序。该程序是根据最小二乘修正加上外推的原理编制的,用于粉末衍射数据的晶胞参数计算和粉末图指标化。CDI程序可以处理所有晶系的衍射数据并得出令人满意的计算结果。程序已在IBMPC/XT,长城0520CH及C.S.重型微机上运行了好几年并解决了一系列实际问题。     

甲基汞暴露与人体健康影响

甲基汞(MeHg)是1种毒性很强的物质,可以通过水生食物链累积和富集,并最终危害处于食物链顶端的人类.基于甲基汞暴露对人体健康危害的研究,文章介绍了几个甲基汞暴露风险评价指标(甲基汞参考剂量、甲基汞临时性周可承受摄入量、职业汞暴露评价指标)以及发达国家在预防甲基汞暴露(主要为食用鱼类)方面的经验.     

城市排水系统管理创新模式的研究

随着排水行业逐步走向市场化,传统的排水系统管理模式已经成为制约排水行业发展的最突出问题。绍兴市排水管理有限公司通过管理模式创新,创建了国内同行中独一无二的以泵站管理标准化为目标的“无人值守,有人巡视”的现代化排水运行管理模式,取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益,为国内排水行业现代化管理树立了典范。     

Identification of a new Irgarol-1051 related s-triazine species in coastal waters

A previously unknown s-triazine species present in commercially available Irgarol-1051, a booster biocide additive in copper-based antifouling paints for the replacement of organotin-based antifoulants, has been identified in the coastal aquatic environment. After careful isolation, purification and characterization by high resolution MS-MS and (1)H NMR, the molecular structure of that unknown species is found to be N,N'-di-tert-butyl-6-methylthiol-s-triazine-2,4-diamine (designated as M3). Levels of Irgarol-1051, its major degradation product (M1) and the newly identified M3 in the coastal waters of Hong Kong, one of the world's busiest ports located in the southern coast of China, were monitored by SPME-GC-MS and SPME-GC-FID. Water samples from five locations within Hong Kong waters were analysed and the levels of Irgarol-1051, M1 and M3 were found to be 0.1-1.6 microg l(-1), 36.8-259.0 microg l(-1) and 0.03-0.39 microg l(-1), respectively. Our results indicate that M3 is relatively stable against photo- and bio-degradation and may pose considerable risk to primary producer communities in the coastal marine environment.     

稻壳灰中温热处理稳固化垃圾飞灰重金属

利用稻壳灰与某垃圾电厂产生的飞灰为原料,对飞灰和稻壳灰与飞灰的混合物进行中温热处理,探究热处理工艺参数对稻壳灰稳固化垃圾飞灰重金属的影响.在一定温度范围内,反应主要产物为CSSF（即Ca₁₀（SiO₄）₃（SO₄）₃F₂）、Ca₃SiO₅等硅酸盐结晶相,这些物质会包覆重金属,同时,飞灰重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd中相对不稳定的酸溶态和可还原态向更稳定的可氧化态或残渣态转变,使Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的浸出浓度显著降低;热处理时间延长,稻壳灰添加量增加,会使热处理样中硅酸盐种类增多,结晶度提高,导致重金属的浸出浓度逐渐降低;稻壳灰添加量在2%~4%范围内,经中温热处理样品的重金属浸出浓度较低,添加量过高时（超过6%时）,重金属浸出浓度逐渐升高.     

基于地球物理方法的垃圾处理场污染物检测技术研究

传统检测技术存在磁化率和电阻率变化不明显等问题,导致检测效果差,提出基于地球物理方法的垃圾处理场污染物检测技术。构建非预先处理三维在线检测系统,实时采集电阻率,对电性出现的异常情况进行检测,获取物理土壤物性,根据垃圾处理场的地理结构,将垃圾场分为建筑垃圾和生活垃圾,并分析地质剖面结构图;采用地球物理法对测线进行布置,并对电性和土壤磁性变化展开分析,以此为基础对污染物进行检测。通过实验验证,该检测技术与传统技术相比磁化率和电阻率变化明显,检测效果良好。