社会组织应对突发性海洋灾害存在的问题、原因与对策

我国社会组织在突发性海洋灾害应对中存在着参与水平不高、有效配合不足的问题,这与"强国家-弱社会"的传统格局、社会组织相关立法不健全、志愿者动员不充分因素有关。因此,需要通过整合社会组织内部资源,强化自身力量;优化权责分配,建立健全政府与社会组织协同应对的机制;强化公民参与的主体意识,提高公民参与能力等途径,来加强社会组织应对突发性海洋灾害的能力。     

Effect of current emission abatement strategies on air quality improvement in China: A case study of Baotou, a typical industrial city in Inner Mongolia

The nationalAirPollutionPreventionandControlActionPlanrequiredsignificant decreases inPM2.5 levels overChina.Toexploremoreeffectiveemissionabatement strategies inindustrialcities,acasestudywasconductedinBaotoutoevaluatethecurrent national controlmeasures.ThetotalemissionsofSO2, NOX, PM2.5 and NMVOC (non-methanevolatileorganiccompounds)inBaotouwere211.2Gg,156.1Gg,28.8Gg, and 48.5Gg,respectivelyin2013,andtheywouldexperienceareductionof30.4%,26.6%, 15.1%, and8.7%,respectivelyin2017and39.0%,32.0%,24.4%,and12.9%,respectivelyin 2020. TheSO2, NOX and PM2.5 emissionsfromtheindustrialsectorwouldexperiencea greater decrease,withreductionsof37%,32.7and24.3%,respectively.From2013to2020, the concentrationsofSO2, NO2, andPM2.5 are expectedtodeclinebyapproximately30%, 10% and14.5%,respectively.ThereductionrateofSNA(sulfate,nitrateandammonium) concentrationswassignificantlyhigherthanthatofPM2.5 in 2017,implyingthatthecurrent key strategytowardcontrollingairpollutantsfromtheindustrialsectorismorepowerful for SNA.Althoughairpollutioncontrolmeasuresimplementedintheindustrialsector could greatlyreducetotalemissions,constrainingtheemissionsfromlowersourcessuch as residentialcoalcombustionwouldbemoreeffectiveindecreasingtheconcentrationof PM2.5 from 2017to2020.Theseresultssuggestthatevenforatypicalindustrialcity,the reduction ofPM2.5 concentrationsnotonlyrequiresdecreasesinemissionsfromthe industrial sector,butalsofromthelowemissionsources.Theseasonalvariationinsulfate concentrationalsoshowedthatemissionfromcoal-burningisthekeyfactortocontrol during theheatingseason.     

Pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in common used mineral oils and their transformation during oil regeneration

The pollution characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in common used mineral oils, semi-refined oils, refined oils and solid wastes produced during the used mineral oil regeneration process was analyzed. The results showed that total PAHs content in six common used mineral oils was as follows: used engine oil used quenching oil used casting oil used hydraulic oil used antirust oil used industrial lubricating oil. Furthermore, this order was dependent on the source of PAHs and oil working temperatures. Additionally, total PAHs content in regenerated oils was as follows: semi-refined oil refined oil crude oil, which was related to the catalytic cracking process of crude oil and adsorption refining process of semi-refined oil. The ranking of total PAHs content in regenerated wastes varied depending on the regeneration technology used as follows: waste adsorption sand acid sludge waste clay precipitation sludge cracked residue. In all types of used mineral oils and regenerated wastes, the maximum and minimum proportions of the total PAHs content were composed of 2–3 ring-PAHs and 5–6 ring-PAHs, respectively. The majority of PAHs in the used mineral oils entered into regenerated wastes during regeneration process, while a small number remained in the regenerated oil.     

模糊数学法在晋江水质评价中的应用研究

利用模糊数学综合评价法,选取溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]做为指标对2010年-2014年泉州湾河口湿地晋江流域石砻断面进行水质综合评价与分析,并将评价结果与综合污染指数法的评价结果进行对比.结果显示:在模糊数学评价法中2010、2012、2014年均为Ⅱ类水质,2011和2013年为Ⅰ类水质;评价结果与综合污染指数法的基本一致.表明2010年-2014年晋江流域石砻断面水质良好,模糊数学综合法在水质评价中可行.     

冷轧钢铁加工行业危险废物产污特征研究

采用资料调查、问卷调查及现场调查相结合的方法,研究了冷轧钢铁加工行业危险废物产污特征.研究表明冷轧钢铁加工行业危险废物的产生主要来源于酸洗、轧制、污水处理等环节,危险废物种类主要是废酸(HW34)、乳化液(HW09)、废矿物油(HW08)、表面处理废物(HW17)等.废酸、表面处理废物是控制企业危废产生量的关键因素,提高酸洗工艺效率、废酸循环利用能从源头上减少危险废物的产生和排放,有效降低危险废物的产生量.     

土壤与地下水中DNAPL的污染机理与调查技术＊

文章根据DNAPL(密度大于水的化学物质)的性质与特点,阐明其污染动力、扩散模式和污染相态,并根据实际工作经验总结了三条污染判别依据和两大类污染调查技术,对获知土壤与地下水中污染的分布状况起到重要参考作用。     

重金属pb2单克隆抗体的制备

为了开发环境中重金属Pb2+的快速检测技术,研究制备了高特异性抗铅单克隆抗体.选择CHX- A"- DTPA(p- SCN- Bz-CHXDTPA)作为双功能鳌合剂,偶联载体蛋白和pb2+,制备完全抗原Pb - CHX -A"- DTPA - KLH.用ICP- AES对此完全抗原Pb2+质量浓度进行检测,其结果为38.02 mg/mL.以此抗原免疫小鼠,用间接ELISA方法检测免疫小鼠抗血清,其效价为1:81 920以上,并且含Pb2+抗原(Pb-CHX -A"- DTPA - BSA)检测OD值远大于无Pb2+抗原(CHX - A"- DTPA - BSA).经过细胞融合、杂交瘤筛选以及克隆化等步骤,建立了分泌重金属Pb2+的单克隆抗体的细胞株1D4.与其他7种金属离子的交叉反应结果表明,该抗体是特异性针对Pb2+的.最后用小鼠体内诱生法生产抗Pb2+腹水型单抗,其效价为1:409 600.     

毛织服装业清洁生产审核的思考与实践

对东莞市40多家毛织服装企业开展了清洁生产实践,系统分析毛织服装行业的清洁生产思路和要点,结合典型案例,总结出各项清洁生产技术方案对毛织服装行业节能降耗减污增效的影响,阐述了毛织服装行业清洁生产的若干规律。     

锅炉改造项目环境影响评价实证分析

本文以锅炉“煤改气”项目为例,在项目施工期、运营期产生的环境影响进行评价,并提出相应的环境保护措施。为环保部门和企业管理提供理论依据,并为锅炉改造类项目污染预防治理提供实践经验,最大限度降低项目建设对周围环境的不利影响,推动“煤改气”项目的可持续发展。     

Hydrodynamics and water quality of the Hongze Lake in response to human activities

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The hydrodynamics and water quality of a lake in response to human activities is an important yet poorly understood issue. In this study, the...