水质富营养化程度的人工神经网络决策模型

为了对水质富营养化程度进行综合评价,提出水质富营养化决策的人工神经网络模型,用此模型研究我国17个湖泊的富营养化状况,通过期望输出值的选取和对未知水体的评价原则充分体现了水质富营养化各等级之间的模糊性,正确地反映了水质富营养化作用的内部机理。     

土壤中多氯代二噁(PCDDs)的研究进展

介绍了国内外对土壤（尤其是城市污泥）中的多氯代二口恶口英（ＰＣＤＤｓ）的研究现状,包括：土壤中ＰＣＤＤｓ的来源、分布及迁移转化情况,其环境稳定性使污染的危害程度加重;ＰＣＤＤｓ在环境中的降解主要是光降解、微生物降解和化学降解。     

一种减少化肥污染的土壤微生物增肥剂的使用技术

进行了澳大利亚ＳＣ２７土壤微生物增肥剂在番茄、黄瓜、青椒等蔬菜上的田间小区和大田试验,结果表明,ＳＣ２７施用后可改善作物根系生长环境,调控土壤养分供应,改良作物品质,产量提高８％－２０％,减少化肥用量１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,并有减轻土传病害和生理障碍的作用。     

活断层一例

进入第四纪之后活动的断层．称之为活断层．它和人类的生活有更多的联系。在野外当缺失第四纪地层的情况下,活断层并不容易被认出来。在施工场地由于地层揭露清楚,遇到活断层常引起人们的研究兴趣,但也常常不被施工者所认识,在     

紫外吸收光谱法监测硫化氢浓度的实验研究

紫外吸收光谱法是利用不同气体在紫外波段对光具有选择吸收的特性来测量排放烟气中的气体成分和浓度。基于这种方法设计出一套能够实时、在线监测硫化氢的实验装置。在常温常压状态下,通过对测量的一次光谱进行分析,计算出硫化氢的标准吸收截面,选择合适的数据处理方法,减小浓度计算时的误差,可得出硫化氢的实时浓度值。     

九龙山南方铁杉群落物种多样性及乔木种种间联结性

采用物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数研究南方铁杉(Tsuga tchekiangensis)群落物种多样性.同时在2×2联列表基础上,应用x2检验、联结系数AC、种间共同出现的百分率PC研究南方铁杉群落19个乔木种群的种间联结性.结果表明:(1)物种丰富度的大小均表现为灌木层大于乔木层,乔木层中物种丰富度为乔木中层>乔木下层>乔木上层.(2)乔木层、乔木层上层和乔木层中层的Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数在1 300～1 500 m随海拔升高而增大,在1 500～1 620 m随海拔升高而减小,物种随海拔梯度变化呈现"中间高度膨胀"现象;乔木下层和灌木层则表现为相反规律.(3)x2统计度量值表明,在162个种对中,147对联结关系未达到显著水平,种间的独立性较大;共同出现的百分率PC表明多数种对之间联结程度不显著,南方铁杉、猴头杜鹃(Rhododendron simoarum)、木荷(Schima superba)三者联结是比较紧密的;联结系数AC表明,南方铁杉与厚皮香(Temstroemia gymnanthe)、多脉冬青(Ilexpolyneura)、红花油茶(Camellia chekiang-oleosa)、浙江樟(Cinnamomum chekiangense)、青冈栎(Cyclobalanopsis glauc)等种对存在显著负联结,表明这几个树种对南方铁杉的生长存在重要影响,在营造林工林时应重点加于考虑.     

有机污染物在包气带中迁移转化试验研究

采集一定浓度的有机物废水 ,在试验室内进行了静态吸附、静态降解和动态土柱试验 ,对COD在包气带中迁移转化规律进行研究 ,提出了描述COD在包气带中迁移转化规律的数学模型。结果表明 :包气带对COD的吸附过程是线性的 ,可用亨利吸附模式s =Kdc +s0 表示 ,吸附系数Kd=0 .0 6 93;包气带对COD的降解曲线基本符合一级动力学方程c =c0 e-k1 t,降解系数k1=0 .0 4 99d-1;弥散试验测得弥散系数D =0 .0 0 2 4 2m2 /d。COD在包气带中的迁移转化过程是弥散、吸附、降解等多种作用共同作用的结果。     

What has caused regional income inequality in China? Effects of 10 socioeconomic factors on per capita income

This study analyzes the driving factors behind regional income inequality to provide an important reference for China and other developing countries and to support the formulation of more effective regional development policies. The study used data from 625 county-level administrative units in China in 2017 and conducted a total factor analysis of China's regional income based on 10 economic dimensions using spatially explicit regression methods. The results show that commerce, population footprint, industrialization, and investment are the main factors that affected a Chinese region’s income, but different factors have different degrees of influence in different regions. The impact of economic institutions (developing an institutionally diverse market economy) on income cannot be ignored. Based on our findings, China should give local governments more autonomy, so they can formulate strategies that account for local constraints and opportunities, thereby increasing their chances of decreasing regional income inequality.

     

关于环保、水利行业地表水水质监测工作的比较研究

立足于现实水利部和生态环境部的水资源水环境管理工作,对比两个部门在水质监测、评价工作中的差异,探讨两个部门在水质监测、水质评价工作中的侧重点,研究结果可为水资源的合理开发利用提供一定的决策基础。     

Spatial distribution pattern of degree–day factors of glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Glaciers have a very obvious feedback effect on the global water cycle and environmental change. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, also known as the “Water Towers of Asia,” provides an important source of freshwater resources derived from glacial meltwater. Changes in glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are the most important aspect of the research related to global climate change. Because only a few input parameters are available, the degree–day factor model of glacier mass balance has been widely used on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Study of the spatial distribution pattern of degree–day factors for glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the factors that influence glaciers is important scientifically. The study of degree–day factors is important to the calculation of the glacial grid mass balance on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and this data can be used in the analysis of the response of glaciers experiencing climate change and for predicting future glacial trends. Through an analysis of the degree–day factors related to 24 glaciers on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, one can conclude that the mean value of glacial degree–day factors on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is 8.14 mm day^?1 °C^?1. The glacial degree–day factor shows a longitudinal zonality with values ranging from high to low from east to west, a latitudinal zonality with values ranging from high to low from south to north, and a vertical zonal regularity along with the change of elevation. The spatial distribution pattern of glacial degree–day factors in the Tibetan Plateau is related to the fact that the climate environment across the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is mainly affected by the Indian monsoon, the eastern monsoon, and the westerly winds. The climate gradually changes from cold-humid to warm-humid from northwest to southeast. The single-unit glacier of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau—the Renlongba Glacier—is located in the southeastern portion of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau in a warm and humid climate; its degree–day factor is slightly large, averaging at 6.12 mm day^?1 °C^?1. Mountainous barriers exist in the eastern and western parts of the Renlongba Glacier. On the east side, the degree–day factor is small (5.63 mm day^?1 °C^?1) because of large mountains block weather systems. The glacial tongue is affected by valley wind, contributing to glacial ablation, so the degree–day factor is large on the tongue, averaging at 6.56 mm day^?1 °C^?1. The degree–day factor on the west side of the Renlongba Glacier increases gradually increasing radiation and elevation, presenting a vertical zonal feature. In general, the climate of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau is mainly affected by the Indian and eastern monsoons and by westerly winds. In dry and cold climatic conditions, the glacial degree–day factor in the Tibetan Plateau is small, while at warm and humid climate conditions, it is large, with latitudinal, longitudinal, and vertical zonality. In addition, the degree–day factor is also affected by blocking, topography, and other local microclimatic conditions.