辽宁中部地区地域功能的生成与演变机理研究

系统分析了辽宁中部地区地域功能的生成演变过程与影响机制.结果表明,在政府、市场和个体三大作用力的驱动下,辽宁中部地区由若干小城镇的稀疏分布到核心城市引导的一体化集约式布局,其地域功能由单一性、封闭性、简单化到综合性、开放性和专业化,经历由简单到复杂、低级到高级的不断演化过程,在东北老工业基地振兴中始终发挥着龙头带动作用.     

南水北调中线工程与汉江中下游地区农业的持续发展

南水北调中线工程是指从汉江的丹江口水库引水供给华北地区,同时考虑鄂,豫两省汉江唐白河流域和淮河流域的需水要求的战略性工程,是调整水资源的空白布局,解决我国北方缺水问题的紧迫任务。汉江中下游地区是湖北省的粮仓和重要的产业基地,是汉江流域经济发展的中心。由于调水的影响,汉江丹江口以下的流量及季节性分配将发生变化,航运,水质,农业灌溉,工业生产以及城市发展等将受到不同程度的影响,直接关系到汉江中下游地区     

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting of soil bacteria in the vicinity of the Chinese Great Wall Station, King George Island, Antarctica

Bacterial diversity was investigated in soil samples collected from 13 sites around the Great Wall Station, Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA genes. The classes α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria, as well as the phylum Actinobacteria, were found to be the dominant bacteria in the soils around the Great Wall Station. Although the selected samples were not contaminated by oil, a relationship between soil parameters, microbial biodiversity, and human impact was still seen. Sample sites in human impacted areas showed lower bacterial biodiversity (average H′= 2.65) when compared to nonimpacted sites (average H′= 3.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between soil bacterial diversity and total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen, or total phosphorus contents of the soil. Canonical correlation analysis showed that TOC content was the most important factor determining bacterial community profiles among the measured soil parameters. In conclusion, microbial biodiversity and community characteristics within relatively small scales (1.5 km) were determined as a function of local environment parameters and anthropogenic impact.     

内黄县城市生活垃圾与处理对策分析

随着我县经济的快速发展,生活垃圾的产生量越来越大。本文对我县城市生活垃圾成分和处理技术对策进行了分析,并结合我县垃圾现状提出了处理对策的可行性及以后的发展趋势。     

机动车氮氧化物污染现状与减排措施

汽车尾气对空气的污染越来越严重,影响人们的健康生活,破坏生态环境。机动车尾气中的氮氧化物是大气污染的主要污染物之一,采取有效措施减少机动车氮氧化物排放对于空气质量的改善具有重要意义。     

中国跨区域水环境保护行政管理体制存在的问题探析及研究

中国以流域为单元实行的统一区域管理虽然已普遍被世界各国政府和学者接受,但在中国并没有形成一个具有统一职权和执行效力的跨区域水环境保护管理机构。以流域水资源管理为例,流域水资源保护机构名义上受水利部与环境保护部的双重领导,但在编制上却是水利部的派出事业单位,负责具体水污染管理事宜的环境保护部门的领导权在实际中并不容易落实。同时水利部和环保部门相应的受各级地方政府领导,其财政权和人事任免权由地方政府掌控,这种地位的不独立性容易使其行为受地方政府意志的支配。另外,在晋升激励和财政分税制的制度背景下,各流域地方政府有意愿和能力干涉环保部门的行为,使各种水环境保护事物让位和屈就于更实惠的地方经济发展。对于此种跨区域水环境保护行政管理体制现存的问题应当进行改善。     

Identification of optimal strategies for improving eco-resilience to floods in ecologically vulnerable regions of a wetland

In this study, a mixed integer fuzzy interval-stochastic programming model was developed for supporting the improvement of eco-resilience to floods in wetlands. This method allows uncertainties that are associated with eco-resilience improvement and can be presented as both probability distributions and interval values to be incorporated within a general modeling framework. Also, capacity-expansion plans of eco-resilience can be addressed through introducing binary variables. Moreover, penalties due to ecological damages which are associated with the violation of predefined targets can be effectively incorporated within the modeling and decision process. Thus, complexities associated with flood resistance and eco-resilience planning in wetlands can be systematically reflected, highly enhancing robustness of the modeling process. The developed method was then applied to a case of eco-resilience enhancement planning in three ecologically vulnerable regions of a wetland. Interval solutions under different river flow levels and different ecological damages were generated. They could be used for generating decision alternatives and thus help decision makers identify desired eco-resilience schemes to resist floods without causing too much damages. The application indicates that the model is helpful for supporting: (a) adjustment or justification of allocation patterns of ecological flood-resisting capacities, (b) formulation of local policies regarding eco-resilience enhancement options and policy interventions, and (c) analysis of interactions among multiple administrative targets within a wetland.     

强降雨在滑坡发育中的关键控制机理及典型实例分析

通过构建水动力作用模型,对降雨的激发控制作用进行分析,得出水动力控制机理的结论:强降雨控制滑坡发育,集中表现在改变土体的静水压力、动水压力与浮托力的作用三方面.选取重庆市黔江流水湾滑坡为典型实例,对强降雨的激发控制作用进行验证,强降雨的水动力作用过程分为坡体剪切、滑动开始、剧烈滑动三个不同阶段.最后,提出久旱过后强降雨...     

Fungal DNA in hotel rooms in Europe and Asia--associations with latitude, precipitation, building data, room characteristics and hotel ranking

There is little information on the indoor environment in hotels. Analysis of fungal DNA by quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a new method which can detect general and specific sequences. Dust was collected through swab sampling of door frames in 69 hotel rooms in 20 countries in Europe and Asia (2007-2009). Five sequences were detected by qPCR: total fungal DNA, Aspergillus and Penicillium DNA (Asp/Pen DNA), Aspergillus versicolor (A. versicolor DNA), Stachybotrys chartarum (S. chartarum DNA) and Streptomyces spp. (Streptomyces DNA). Associations were analysed by multiple linear regression. Total fungal DNA (GM = 1.08 × 10(8) cell equivalents m(-2); GSD = 6.36) and Asp/Pen DNA (GM = 1.79 × 10(7) cell equivalents m(-2); GSD = 10.12) were detected in all rooms. A. versicolor DNA, S. chartarum DNA and Streptomyces DNA were detected in 84%, 28% and 47% of the samples. In total, 20% of the rooms had observed dampness/mould, and 30% had odour. Low latitude (range 1.5-64.2 degrees) was a predictor of Asp/Pen DNA. Seaside location, lack of mechanical ventilation, and dampness or mould were other predictors of total fungal DNA and Asp/Pen DNA. Hotel ranking (Trip Advisor) or self-rated quality of the interior of the hotel room was a predictor of total fungal DNA, A. versicolor DNA and Streptomyces DNA. Odour was a predictor of S. chartarum DNA. In conclusion, fungal DNA in swab samples from hotel rooms was related to latitude, seaside location, ventilation, visible dampness and indoor mould growth. Hotels in tropical areas may have 10-100 times higher levels of common moulds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium species, as compared to a temperate climate zone.     

PICRUSt2 functionally predicts organic compounds degradation and sulfate reduction pathways in an acidogenic bioreactor

• Over 70% reduction of sulfate was achieved for sulfate less than 12000 mg/L. • The decrease of genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) induced the accumulation of VFAs. • The sulfate reduction genes were primary carried by genus Desulfovibrio. • Sulfate favored assimilatory, but inhibited dissimilatory sulfate reduction process. For comprehensive insights into the influences of sulfate on performance, microbial community and metabolic pathways in the acidification phase of a two-phase anaerobic system, a laboratory-scale acidogenic bioreactor was continuously operated to treat wastewater with elevated sulfate concentrations from 2000 to 14000 mg/L. The results showed that the acidogenic bioreactor could achieve sulfate reduction efficiency of greater than 70% for influent sulfate content less than 12000 mg/L. Increased sulfate induced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, which was the primary negative effects to system performance under the high-sulfate environment. High-throughput sequencing coupled with PICRUSt2 uncovered that the accumulation of VFAs was triggered by the decreasing of genes encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC: 1.3.8.1), regulating the transformation of propanoyl-CoA to propenoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA of propionate and butyrate oxidation pathways, which made these two process hardly proceed. Besides, genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) were mainly carried by order Clostridiales. Desulfovibrio was the most abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria and identified as the primary host of dissimilatory sulfate reduction functional genes. Functional analysis indicated the dissimilatory sulfate reduction process predominated under a low sulfate environment, but was not favored under the circumstance of high-sulfate. With the increase of sulfate, the assimilatory sulfate reduction process finally overwhelmed dissimilatory as the dominant sulfate reduction pathway in acidogenic bioreactor.