不同约束方式下钢筋混凝土短柱火灾后(下)力学性能的试验研究

为研究钢筋混凝土短柱在相邻构件约束条件下,并经荷载和火灾共同作用后的力学性能,开展了18根受不同约束方式作用的钢筋混凝土短柱火灾后(下)力学性能的试验研究。获得了火灾后(下)钢筋混凝土短柱的剩余承载力、剩余轴压刚度、荷载—轴向变形关系曲线,分析讨论了约束方式、标准升温时间及荷载比等对火灾后钢筋混凝土短柱力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,火灾下和火灾后钢筋混凝土柱试件的破坏模式类似,但后者的混凝土表面裂纹以及剥落较前者严重;不论是火灾下还是火灾后,恒刚度约束的试件破坏较恒荷载约束严重;且恒荷载约束条件下得到的试件耐火极限大于恒刚度约束条件下得到的耐火极限。     

甲基汞暴露与人体健康影响

甲基汞(MeHg)是1种毒性很强的物质,可以通过水生食物链累积和富集,并最终危害处于食物链顶端的人类.基于甲基汞暴露对人体健康危害的研究,文章介绍了几个甲基汞暴露风险评价指标(甲基汞参考剂量、甲基汞临时性周可承受摄入量、职业汞暴露评价指标)以及发达国家在预防甲基汞暴露(主要为食用鱼类)方面的经验.     

自适应神经模糊推理在大气环境质量评价中的应用

利用matlab模糊工具箱中自适应神经模糊推理系统（Anfis）方法，对大气环境质量评价作一个尝试性的工作。利用Antis法对大气环境质量现状的评价，并与灰色聚类法作比较，得出Antis法用于评价环境质量是可行的，且具有许多优点。     

我国土地利用的问题与对策

我国人口对土地的压力越来越大,土地管理所面临的问题也越来越严重。我国未来的发展战略必须走一条低度消耗资源和适度消费的道路,而保护土地与环境是土地利用的基本战略。土地利用效率要提高,传统农业生产要转型,要根据不同的地区条件制定相应的政策。本文提出了一些实现上述战略的途径:控制人口和消费;保护和开拓林业;土地制度改革;理顺土地产品价格;强化土地管理等。     

Isolation and characterization of two novel psychrotrophic decabromodiphenyl ether-degrading bacteria from river sediments

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a brominated flame retardant and a priority contaminant. Currently, little information is available about its significance in the environment, specifically about its susceptibility to aerobic biotransformation at low temperature. In this work, five phylogenetically diverse BDE-209-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from river sediments of northern China. These strains were distributed among four different genera—Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. All five isolates were capable of growing on BDE-209, among which two isolates show better growth. By detailed morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the two strains were identified and named as Staphylococcus haemolyticus LY1 and Bacillus pumilus LY2. The two bacteria can grow in mineral salt medium containing BDE-209 substrate across the temperatures ranging from 2.5 to 35 °C, with an optimum temperature of 25 °C which could be considered as psychrotrophs accordingly. The degradation experiment showed that more than 70.6 and 85.5 % of 0.5 mg/L BDE-209 were degraded and the highest mineralization efficiencies of 29.8 and 39.2 % were achieved for 0.5 mg/L BDE-209 by S. haemolyticus LY1 and B. pumilus LY2, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration for the biodegradation of BDE-209 by two psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from environment.     

Residues of organochlorine pesticides in water and suspended particulate matter from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China

The residues of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface water and HCHs and DDTs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from rivers and lakes in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China, were investigated. The concentration of total OCPs in surface water varied from 1.01 to 46.49 ng l⁻¹ (mean 10.55 ng l⁻¹). The levels of total HCHs (ΣHCH) and total DDTs (ΣDDT) in surface water were in the range of 0.55–28.07 ng l⁻¹ and lower than detection limit to 16.71 ng l⁻¹, respectively, which was lower than Chinese standards on the whole. For OCPs residues in SPM, the mean levels varying from 0.20 to 34.72 ng l⁻¹ and 0.46 to 2.72 ng l⁻¹ for ΣHCH and ΣDDT, respectively, which ranked the relatively higher levels among Chinese studied rivers. Results from this investigation showed that previous excessive usage of technical OCPs was the main reason for the residues of HCHs and DDTs both in surface water and SPM, although some new sources were likely to occurred in the region. Apart from the OCPs in SPM originated from upstream in flood season, one of the important sources of OCP residues both in water and SPM in Yangtze River was supposed to be the inputs of its tributaries. Additionally, in situ water-SPM phase distributions of OCPs indicated that HCHs tended totransport with water as well as DDTs was prone to combine with SPM in Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan.     

有机污染物在包气带中迁移转化试验研究

采集一定浓度的有机物废水 ,在试验室内进行了静态吸附、静态降解和动态土柱试验 ,对COD在包气带中迁移转化规律进行研究 ,提出了描述COD在包气带中迁移转化规律的数学模型。结果表明 :包气带对COD的吸附过程是线性的 ,可用亨利吸附模式s =Kdc +s0 表示 ,吸附系数Kd=0 .0 6 93;包气带对COD的降解曲线基本符合一级动力学方程c =c0 e-k1 t,降解系数k1=0 .0 4 99d-1;弥散试验测得弥散系数D =0 .0 0 2 4 2m2 /d。COD在包气带中的迁移转化过程是弥散、吸附、降解等多种作用共同作用的结果。     

稻壳灰中温热处理稳固化垃圾飞灰重金属

利用稻壳灰与某垃圾电厂产生的飞灰为原料,对飞灰和稻壳灰与飞灰的混合物进行中温热处理,探究热处理工艺参数对稻壳灰稳固化垃圾飞灰重金属的影响.在一定温度范围内,反应主要产物为CSSF（即Ca₁₀（SiO₄）₃（SO₄）₃F₂）、Ca₃SiO₅等硅酸盐结晶相,这些物质会包覆重金属,同时,飞灰重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd中相对不稳定的酸溶态和可还原态向更稳定的可氧化态或残渣态转变,使Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的浸出浓度显著降低;热处理时间延长,稻壳灰添加量增加,会使热处理样中硅酸盐种类增多,结晶度提高,导致重金属的浸出浓度逐渐降低;稻壳灰添加量在2%~4%范围内,经中温热处理样品的重金属浸出浓度较低,添加量过高时（超过6%时）,重金属浸出浓度逐渐升高.     

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the devel- opment of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.     

水质富营养化程度的人工神经网络决策模型

为了对水质富营养化程度进行综合评价,提出水质富营养化决策的人工神经网络模型,用此模型研究我国17个湖泊的富营养化状况,通过期望输出值的选取和对未知水体的评价原则充分体现了水质富营养化各等级之间的模糊性,正确地反映了水质富营养化作用的内部机理。