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111.
以工业硫酸氧钛为原料水解制得SO42-/TiO2光催化剂,并以苯酚为目标降解物,考察了SO24-/TiO2的光催化性能。结果表明:随着SO42-/TiO2制备过程中焙烧温度的升高,其光催化活性逐渐增加,650℃焙烧获得的SO24-/TiO2的光催化活性最好,此后再升高温度会因催化剂中硫的挥发而下降;在确定苯酚原液初始浓度为50 mg/L条件下,SO42-/TiO2的光催化降解苯酚的最佳工艺条件为反应时间2 h、苯酚pH为7、催化剂用量1 g/L。XRD、SEM和FTIR的分析结果显示实验温度下制得的SO42-/TiO2均为锐钛型TiO2;其间掺杂的SO24-在TiO2表面分散性较好,没有聚集成大的颗粒;红外分析的结果初步判定低温(<550℃)焙烧制得的催化剂SO42-在TiO2表面是螯合双配位吸附,高温焙烧时(>550℃)SO42-在TiO2表面是桥式配位吸附。 相似文献
112.
有机酸土柱淋洗法修复重金属污染土壤 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
通过室内模拟实验,采用土柱淋洗方法,研究草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸和酒石酸溶液对某电镀厂附近土壤中重金属的去除效果。探讨了淋洗剂浓度、淋洗次数和淋洗时间等对淋洗效果的影响,研究草酸淋洗前后土壤中重金属形态的变化。结果表明,淋洗过程中铬的去除效果明显滞后于铜、锌和镍3种重金属离子。1 mol/L的草酸在土水比为1∶1,淋洗5h,淋洗4次的条件下可以达到最佳淋洗效果,Cu、Zn、Ni和Cr的去除率分别是99.6%、66.98%、88.7%和18.23%。 相似文献
113.
骨炭对水中不同形态Sb吸附和解吸的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用骨炭作为吸附剂,研究其在不同骨炭用量、pH值和温度条件下对水中Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)吸附和解吸的影响。结果表明,骨炭对Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附效果远好于Sb(Ⅴ),在0.2~8.0 mmol/L的Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)浓度下,骨炭对这2种形态Sb的去除率分别为46.1%~78.6%和9.6%~31.7%。采用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均可以很好地拟合骨炭对Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附,Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的最大吸附容量分别为110.1034 mg/g和17.4167 mg/g。骨炭对Sb(Ⅲ)的解吸也大于对Sb(Ⅴ)的解吸。骨炭对Sb(Ⅲ)和Sb(Ⅴ)的吸附受不同骨炭用量、pH值和温度影响。 相似文献
114.
Changpeng Zhang Hua Zhao Lifeng Ping Xiaoming Cai Min Wu Hongmei He 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):319-323
This study investigated the degradation of rizazole in water-sediment systems (West Lake system, WL; Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal system, BG) with two different types of sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The half-lives of rizazole in the WL water phase (14.59–15.13 d) were similar to those in the BG water phase (15.90–16.46 d). Within 3–7 d, the rizazole concentration in the sediments reached the maximum values, i.e., equilibrium. Rizazole dissipation was faster in the WL sediment phase with higher organic matter content (T1/2 = 18.99–19.09 d) compared with the BG sediment phase (T1/2 = 31.08–33.32 d). Rizazole degradation was slightly faster in the West Lake water-sediment system (WL system) (T1/2 = 17.11–18.05 d) than in the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal water—sediment system (BG system) (T1/2 = 20.51–25.02 d). The aerobic degradation of rizazole was similar to its anaerobic degradation in the water-sediment system. The findings are useful to understand the behavior of pesticide in environment. 相似文献
115.
Sheng‐Suan Cai John D. Stark 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):985-1004
Abstract A fluorescent method for the determination of rhodamine B (RhB) and brilliant sulfaflavine (BSF) dual tracers on cotton string collectors and in spray tank solutions was developed for the evaluation of the effects of adjuvants on the atmospheric drift of agricultural sprays. Both tracers on collectors were extracted with deionized water simultaneously and measured directly with a Fluorescent Specrometer by switching the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths. The linear ranges of the RhB and BSF standard curves were 0–50 and 0–10 ppb respectively. Recoveries of tracers on cotton strings ranged from 92.9% ± 1.1% to 95.1% ± 1.0% for RhB and 91.9% ± 2.8% to 103% ± 0.6% for BSF when spiked levels ranged from 0.25 to 2.5 μg per collector. The detection limit of the instrument was approximately 0.1 ppb for both tracers. The detection limits of the analytical method were approximately 0.1 ppb for RhB and 0.3 ppb for BSF when the background levels of cotton strings were subtracted. The presence of one tracer in the solution did not significantly interfere with the detection of the other tracer in the same solution. The presence of adjuvants added to the spray tank solutions did not interfere with the detection of both tracers when the adjuvants were applied at the manufacturer's maximum recommendation rates. 相似文献
116.
Qinsong Xu Han Qiu Weiyue Chu Yongyang Fu Sanjuan Cai Haili Min Sha Sha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8672-8679
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate copper (Cu) subcellular distribution and toxicity in Hydrilla verticillata. Fronds were subjected to different concentrations (15, 75, and 150 μM) of Cu for 7 days. Cu grains were found in cell walls, plasmodesmata, and within the nuclei and chloroplasts using the autometallographic technique. Subcellular fractionation of Cu-containing tissues indicated that in leaves subjected to high Cu concentrations, 59–65 % of the element was located in the cell wall fraction, followed by cell organelles (21–30 %) and the soluble fraction (10–14 %). The levels of K, P, Zn, and Mg declined under all Cu concentrations, but Ca, Mn, and Fe contents reached their peak at 15 μM Cu and decreased thereafter. F v/F m, F 0, and F m fell significantly in line with the decrease in pigment content. Cu exposure also caused significant damage to the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nuclei, including disintegration of the chloroplasts and vacuolization of the mitochondria and nuclei, all of which suggested that Cu hastened plant senescence. The Cu maximum permissible concentration for H. verticillata was 10 μM, which was less than the existing general water quality standard. This suggested that H. verticillata could be used to assess Cu phytotoxicity. 相似文献
117.
Improvements of nano-SiO2 on sludge/fly ash mortar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sewage sludge ash has been widely applied to cementitious materials. In this study, in order to determine effects of nano-SiO(2) additives on properties of sludge/fly ash mortar, different amounts of nano-SiO(2) were added to sludge/fly ash mortar specimens to investigate their physical properties and micro-structures. A water-binding ratio of 0.7 was assigned to the mix. Substitution amounts of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of sludge/fly ash (1:1 ratio) were proposed. Moreover, 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of nano-SiO(2) was added to the mix. Tests, including SEM and compressive strength, were carried out on mortar specimens cured at 3, 7, and 28 days. Results showed that sludge/fly ash can make the crystals of cement hydration product finer. Moreover, crystals increased after nano-SiO(2) was added. Hence, nano-SiO(2) can improve the effects of sludge/fly ash on the hydration of mortar. Further, due to the low pozzolanic reaction active index of sludge ash, early compressive strengths of sludge/fly ash mortar were decreased. Yet, nano-SiO(2) could help produce hydration crystals, which implies that the addition of nano-SiO(2) to mortar can improve the influence of sludge/fly ash on the development of the early strength of the mortar. 相似文献
118.
119.
Metal contents (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn) have been measured in 30 surface soils on Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, yielding values (in milligrams kilogram(-1)) of 41.57-80.65 (Zn), 2.76-60.52 (Pb), 0.04-0.34 (Cd), 7.18-25.03 (Ni), 43,255-70,534 (Fe), 449-1,401 (Mn), 17.10-64.90 (Cr), 1,440-25,684 (Mg), 10,941-49,354 (Ca), 51.10-176.50 (Cu), 4,388-12,707 (Ti), 28,038-83,849 (Al), and for Hg (in nanograms gram(-1)) 0.01-0.06. Relative cumulative frequency analysis was used to determine the baseline values for the 13 metals. Compared with adjacent areas in Antarctica, Mg and Ni are significantly lower, but Cu is significantly higher than that of McMurdo Station. Enrichment factor analysis and the geo-accumulation index method were applied in order to determine the extent of anthropogenic contamination, and both show that Pb, Cd, and Hg have been significantly increased by human activities. Principal component analysis was used to identify the sources of metals in these soil samples. 相似文献
120.