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171.
Carini F Atkinson CJ Collins C Coughtrey PJ Eged K Fulker M Green N Kinnersley R Linkov I Mitchell NG Mourlon C Ould-Dada Z Quinault JM Robles B Stewart A Sweeck L Venter A 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2005,84(2):271-284
Although fruit is an important component of the diet, the extent to which it contributes to radiological exposure remains unclear, partially as a consequence of uncertainties in models and data used to assess transfer of radionuclides in the food chain. A Fruits Working Group operated as part of the IAEA BIOMASS (BIOsphere Modelling and ASSessment) programme from 1997 to 2000, with the aim of improving the robustness of the models that are used for radiological assessment. The Group completed a number of modelling and experimental activities including: (i) a review of experimental, field and modelling information on the transfer of radionuclides to fruit; (ii) discussion of recently completed or ongoing experimental studies; (iii) development of a database on the transfer of radionuclides to fruit; (iv) development of a conceptual model for fruit and (v) two model intercomparison studies and a model validation study. The Group achieved significant advances in understanding the processes involved in transfer of radionuclides to fruit. The work demonstrated that further experimental and modelling studies are required to ensure that the current generation of models can be applied to a wide range of scenarios. 相似文献
172.
Distribution and partitioning of phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals in the industrial belt of Delhi, India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Phosphorus is an essential and often limiting nutrient in both marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, its oversupply is of great concern in many environments due to its role in eutrophication. The concentration and distribution of sediment bound phosphorus species not only record its input into the environment, but also suggest their possible sources. It is recognized that the features of phosphorus behaviour have not been extensively studied in urban environments. In this study, phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals within the industrial belt of Delhi were fractionated into five operationally defined forms, i.e., exchangeable or loosely sorbed phosphorus (Exch-P), Fe-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), authigenic apatite, CaCO3-bound phosphorus and biogenic apatite (Acet-P), detrital apatite (Det-P) and organic-bound phosphorus (Org-P), in order to assess the potential bioavailability status in these systems. 相似文献
173.
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175.
G Z Nagy 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association》1991,41(10):1360-1362
176.
Food remains in Confuciusornis sanctus suggest a fish diet 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Despite hundreds of excellent fossils of Confuciusornis, the most abundant group of birds in the Early Cretaceous, ‘Jehol Biota’ in China, there is yet no indication of the food choice of these birds. Here, we describe fish remains preserved in the alimentary system of a specimen of Confuciusornis sanctus from the Jiufotang Formation. This find is about five million years younger than all previously published confuciusornithid birds from the Yixian Formation. Although it is unknown how common fish was in the diet of Confuciusornis, the find does not support previous hypotheses that it fed on plants or grain. 相似文献
177.
Concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) were determined in soils and vegetables (chrysanthemum, spinach and four cultivars of Chinese cabbage from the area adjacent to a Pb/Zn mine in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province, China, and compared with the Chinese National Standards for Soil Environmental Quality. The accumulation of heavy metals in cabbage cv. Siyuegreen was investigated at different distances from the center of the mine. The vegetable plantation soils were polluted with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn, especially by Pb and Cd. The levels of Pb and Cd were 20 and 30 times higher than the permitted standards, indicating that this Pb/Zn mining area is unsuitable for agricultural use. Chinese cabbage, chrysanthemum and spinach had different enrichment coefficients. The enrichment coefficient of Cd from soil to roots of chrysanthemum was >80% and from roots to leaves of cabbage cv. Shanghaigreen was >120%. These vegetables were polluted by heavy metals and could not be regarded as safe for human consumption. Environmental accumulation of heavy metals in the vegetable plantation soils was proportional to heavy metal accumulation in vegetables and both were inversely proportional to the distance from the lead/zinc mine. 相似文献
178.
179.
Ecotoxicological effect of grounded MV River Princess on the intertidal benthic organisms off Goa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ingole B Sivadas S Goltekar R Clemente S Nanajkar M Sawant R D'Silva C Sarkar A Ansari Z 《Environment international》2006,32(2):284-291
The ecotoxicological effects of oil spill from the grounded vessel MV River Princess on the intertidal benthic organisms of Sinquerim-Candolim beach at Goa were investigated. An intertidal expanse of 1 km on either side of the grounded vessel was selected to evaluate the concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in the sediment and its effects on the composition, abundance and diversity of micro-, meio- and macrobenthos. TPH in the intertidal sediment ranged from 7.8 to 89 microg g(-1) (mean 35.44+/-26.35 SD). Microbenthos comprised of microalgae, protozoans and juvenile forms of meiobenthos. Apart from juvenile nematodes, which were abundant, Coscinodiscus spp., Navicula spp., and Nitzschia spp. representing microalgae were also observed in microbenthic samples. Meiobenthos was represented by 13 taxa and their total density ranged between 92 and 1057 nos. 10 cm(-2). Maximum meiobenthic abundance of 1057 nos. 10 cm(-2) was observed at Sinquerim. Nematodes were the dominant meiobenthic taxa followed by turbellarians and harpacticoid copepods. The macrobenthos was numerically dominated by polychaetes, followed by crustaceans whereas bivalve molluscs were less represented. There was substantial increase in the petroleum concentration in the beach sediment compared to the previously reported values and highest TPH (89 microg g(-1) sediment) values were in the vicinity of the grounded vessel. The polychaete/amphipod ratio and cumulative and partial dominance abundance-biomass curves showed significant negative impact of TPH on macrofauna. The benthic community structure also showed measurable changes, as there was significant decrease (60%) in the number of species. Given that the microalgal counts were low in sediment, it is assumed that the intertidal meiofauna was possibly using oil-degrading bacteria as alternate food source. In conclusion, the results reported here suggest that the grounded ore carrier is not only detrimental to the beach community, that may take longer time for recovery, but also affects the beach morphology which may have long-term impact on local fishery. 相似文献
180.
Independent studies of case histories by the Health and Safety Commission in the UK and by a Honeywell led industrial consortium world-wide showed that human errors represent the major cause of failure in process plant operation. In contrast to this discovery the majority of previous studies on computer aided systems for fault detection and diagnosis has focused on the process side. This paper presents a methodology, which can involve human factors into the development of systems for automatic identification and diagnosis of abnormal operations and develops methods and techniques that can be used to simultaneously capture, characterise and assess the performance of operators as well as of the process. A joint process–operator simulation platform is developed which is used as a test-bed for carrying out the study. The process part is a simulator, which simulates in high fidelity the dynamic behaviour of the process that is subject to the influence of various disturbances and operators’ interventions. The operator module is developed as a real-time expert system, which emulates operator’s behaviour in interpretation of received signals, and planning and execution of decisions. The interaction between the two modules is managed through an interaction module, which handles the real-time exchange of data using Dynamic Data Exchange. The interaction module also contains the toolkits for analysing the dynamic behaviour of the joint process–operator system. The method and system are illustrated using a simulated case study. 相似文献