凤眼莲源生物炭对土壤As、Hg、Cd溶出特性与化学形态的影响

以我国典型水生入侵植物凤眼莲为前体制备了生物炭(BCW)和负载铁生物炭(BCW-Fe),在对其理化特性进行充分表征的基础上,系统分析了这2类生物炭对金矿冶炼区酸性复合污染土壤中As、Hg、Cd的钝化修复效果.水浸与酸浸实验表明,5%(质量分数)BCW与5%(质量分数)BCW-Fe处理分别使土壤As浸出浓度降低91.4%~91.6%和64.9%~96.8%,Hg浸出浓度由0.03~0.04μg·L-1降低至0~0.02μg·L~(-1);而2种材料对Cd的钝化优势分别出现在中性和酸性浸出条件下.重金属形态分析结果显示,2种生物炭处理均使As、Hg、Cd由植物可利用性较高的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态向较为稳定的铁锰氧化物与有机物结合态转化.其中,BCW与BCW-Fe的加入分别使可交换态与碳酸盐结合态As总量减少0.3%和3.1%,使这2种非稳态Hg总量分别减少2.3%和3.4%,使这2种形态Cd总量分别减少7.7%和14.9%.综合以上研究结果,凤眼莲负载铁生物炭提供了一种能够在我国广泛分布的酸雨沉降地区内实现对复合污染土壤中As、Hg、Cd同步稳定钝化的有效材料,与此同时,该方法有利于实现对入侵植物的有效管理和应用土地系统进行长期固碳.     

湖泊健康评价指标体系及评价方法初探

湖泊健康评价是进行湖泊监测和管理的基础。丰富了湖泊生态系统健康的概念,指出其应当考虑湖泊的各种服务功能。以湖泊生态系统健康概念为基础,构建了湖泊健康评价指标体系,给出16个综合评价指标及各指标评分方法。以四川大学明远湖为例,采用层次分析法（AHP）计算各指标权重,对其进行健康评价,得出健康综合指数为3.55,表明整个湖泊处于＂较健康＂状态,分析了影响湖泊健康状态的疾病因子及湖泊的生态修复方法。     

福建千年桐种源叶片δ13C与环境及叶碳氮含量的关系

选取福建省不同千年桐种源在同一条件下人工培育,通过测定千年桐叶片稳定碳同位素比率(δ¹³C),分析千年桐叶片δ¹³C的特征及其种源差异,以及环境因素和种源生长对其的影响。结果表明,千年桐种源叶片δ¹³C的变化范围在-26.06‰~-24.46‰之间,平均值为-25.54‰,其中莆田、顺昌和沙县种源δ¹³C值较大。千年桐种源叶片δ¹³C值与经纬度之间相关性不显著,与年均温度呈显著正相关,与年均降水量呈显著负相关,年均温度和年均降水量是千年桐δ¹³C值变化的主要限制因素。千年桐种源叶片δ¹³C值与叶N含量以及C/N呈现二次曲线相关性。结合叶片δ¹³C及其对环境因素的响应,莆田、顺昌、沙县千年桐种源具有较高的δ¹³C值,对应较高的水分利用效率,可以考虑栽植在较干旱、贫瘠环境中作为先锋树种,其落叶阔叶的特性也有助于养分回归、改良地力;而政和、尤溪、建阳种源的δ¹³C值相对较小,建议栽植在水分条件较好的湿润地区,充分发挥对水分的摄取能力,提高其生长量。     

改性石墨烯对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性石墨烯用于水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对石墨烯和改性石墨烯性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量对石墨烯和改性石墨烯去除MB的影响.结果表明,在石墨烯制备过程中添加CTAB可以明显增大比表面积,提高MB的去除率.反应过程在前15 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为293 K,吸附剂投加量的最适浓度为2 g·L-1,且吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值无关.通过Langmuir等温吸附方程得到改性石墨烯的最大吸附量86.43 mg·g-1,且为放热反应.     

Impact of peri-urban landscape on the organic and mineral contamination of pond waters and related risk assessment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ponds are important for their ecological value and for the ecosystem services they provide to human societies, but they are strongly affected by human...     

大气中硫氧化物预测模型的建立

通过研究大气中硫氧化物与气象因素之间的相关关系,从而建立起城市大气中硫氧化物的统计预测模型,该模型经验证,实用可靠.     

Technology development and cost analysis of multiple pollutant abatement for ultra-low emission coal-fired power plants in China

The implementation of ultra-low emission (ULE) limits (SO₂: 35 mg/m³, NOx: 50 mg/m³, PM: 10 mg/m³) promoted the development of flue gas treatment technologies in China. Pollutant control technology development for Chinese coal-fired power plants was summarized and an analysis of the applicability and cost of pollutant control technologies was conducted. Detailed data were collected from 30 ultra-low emission coal-fired units across China. Based on a cost analysis model, the average unit power generation incremental costs were 0.0144 and 0.0095 CNY/(kW·hr) for SO₂ and NOx control technologies, respectively. The unit power generation incremental cost of twin spray tower technology was 7.2% higher than that of dual-loop spray tower technology. The effect of key parameters on operating cost was analyzed. The unit power generation incremental cost increased because of increments in the electricity price for SO₂ control technology and the price of the reductant in NOx control technology. With high sulfur content or NOx concentration, the unit power generation incremental cost caused by pollutant control increased, whereas the unit pollutant abatement cost decreased. However, the annual operating hours or load increased, thereby leading to a decline in unit power generation incremental cost and unit pollutant abatement cost.     

A critical review of sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during winter polluted periods

Sulfate aerosol contributes to particulate matter pollution and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing, impacting human health and climate change. Atmospheric models tend to substantially underestimate sulfate concentrations during haze episodes, indicating that there are still missing mechanisms not considered by the models. Despite recent good progress in understanding the missing sulfate sources, knowledge on different sulfate formation pathways during polluted periods still involves large uncertainties and the dominant mechanism is under heated debate, calling for more field, laboratory, and modeling work. Here, we review the traditional sulfate formation mechanisms in cloud water and also discuss the potential factors affecting multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation. Then recent progress in multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation mechanisms is summarized. Sulfate formation rates by different prevailing oxidation pathways under typical winter-haze conditions are also calculated and compared. Based on the literature reviewed, we put forward control of the atmospheric oxidation capacity as a means to abate sulfate aerosol pollution. Finally, we conclude with a concise set of research priorities for improving our understanding of sulfate formation mechanisms during polluted periods.     

Enhanced adsorption of arsenate by spinel zinc ferrite nano particles: Effect of zinc content and site occupation

In this work, zinc ferrite spinel with different zinc contents (Zn_xFe_3-xO₄) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used for removing As(V) in aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that in the crystal structure of Zn_xFe_3-xO₄, the zinc atoms tended to occupy the octahedral sites for x?<?0.6 and diffused into the tetrahedral sites gradually with x?>?0.6. The size of Zn_xFe_3-xO₄ crystallites increased with the increasing zinc content. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption isotherms could be well described by the Langmuir model, while the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Zinc ferrite exhibited the highest adsorption capacity towards As(V) when x?=?0.6. Study of the mechanism indicated that doping with zinc increased the number of surface hydroxyl groups on ferrite spinel, and thus enhanced the adsorption capacity when x?=?0.6. This work revealed the effects of doping site and content of metal atoms on the adsorption ability of ferrite spinel towards As(V).