海带对镉的吸附动力学与热力学研究

采用批量平衡法研究了海带对镉的吸附的动力学与热力学,并采用Lagrange假一级动力学方程、假二级动力学方程、Langmuir等温线方程、Freundlich等温线方程以及Dubimim-Radushkevich等温线方程对实验数据进行了拟合.结果表明,在4种温度下海带对镉的吸附率均随吸附反应时间增加而增大,在60 min时达到最大,此后基本保持不变,随着温度由20℃升高至50℃,其最大吸附率呈下降趋势,由90.2%降至77.5%;海带对镉的吸附动力学符合Lagrange假二级动力学方程;海带对镉的吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温线方程和Dubimim-Radushkevich等温线方程,表明吸附主要发生在海带表面的活性区位,属于单分子层吸附,其吸附平均活化自由能E为11.4 kJ/mol,表明该吸附过程为化学吸附,在4种温度下吉布斯自由能变化量△AG°均为负值,吸附焓变△H°也为负值,表明海带对镉的吸附为放热反应,能自发进行.     

FDS+Evac软件在火灾逃生中的应用

对人员疏散模拟软件FDS+Evac在火灾逃生中的应用进行了探讨和分析.结合使用该软件的经验与体会,总结了FDS+Evac建模、记事本编程、计算结果分析的一些方法和调试技巧,展望了其在火灾和其他紧急疏散领域的应用.     

生物浸取电解锰渣中锰的研究

为了评价生物法浸取电解锰渣中锰的可行性,利用锰渣土壤中筛选出的2种锰抗性强的微生物Serratia sp.和Fusarium sp.浸取电解锰渣中的锰,并采用优化的BCR（European Community Bureau of Reference）连续萃取方案对浸取前后的金属锰进行形态分析,研究其浸出率和浸取前后锰的形态变化特征。同时考察了3种萃取剂EDTA、HNO₃和CaCl₂对锰的萃取效率及萃取后金属锰的形态变化。研究结果表明,Serratia sp.和Fusarium sp.对锰都表现出一定的浸取能力,Fusarium sp.的浸取能力尤为显著,3 d后锰浸出率达到56.5%,为锰污染的微生物治理和资源化利用提供科学依据。3种萃取剂对锰的浸取效果为EDTA>HNO₃>CaCl₂,平均萃取效率依次为50.0%、28.8%和21.2%。浸取前后,酸溶解态锰所占比例变化较显著,说明酸溶解态锰是比较容易浸取的形态。     

Spatially differentiated and source-specific population exposure to ambient urban air pollution

Models assessing exposure to air pollution often focus on macro-scale estimates of exposure to all types of sources for a particular pollutant across an urban study area. While results based on these models may aid policy makers in identifying larger areas of elevated exposure risk, they often do not differentiate the proportion of population exposure attributable to different polluting sources (e.g. traffic or industrial). In this paper, we introduce a population exposure modeling system that integrates air dispersion modeling, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and population exposure techniques to spatially characterize a source-specific exposure to ambient air pollution for an entire urban population at a fine geographical scale. By area, total population exposure in Dallas County in 2000 was more attributable to vehicle polluting sources than industrial polluting sources at all levels of exposure. Population exposure was moderately correlated with vehicle sources (r = 0.440, p < 0.001) and weakly with industrial sources (r = 0.069, p = 0.004). Population density was strongly correlated with total exposure (r = 0.896, p < 0.001) but was not significantly correlated with individual or combined sources. The results of this study indicate that air quality assessments must incorporate more than industrial or vehicle polluting sources-based population exposure values alone, but should consider multiple sources. The population exposure modeling system proposed in this study shows promise for use by municipal authorities, policy makers, and epidemiologists in evaluating and controlling the quality of the air in the process of urban planning and mitigation measures.     

某重大火灾隐患单位整改措施的确定性研究

如何科学合理地判定建筑重大火灾隐患并提出可行的整改措施是目前消防工作中遇到的一个难题.利用以性能为基础的重大火灾隐患判定及整改方法,对某市一重大火灾隐患单位进行了实地调查并提出了整改方案,首先根据火灾模拟结果论证了防火卷帘未直通到顶的危险性,接下来模拟了中间防火分区北侧开两个疏散通道的情况,证明其不满足安全疏散要求.最后根据现场情况及模拟结果提出了符合防火安全的整改措施.结果表明,基于性能化评估思想的重大火灾隐患判定方法能够对重大火灾隐患单位进行合理的判定,并且提出的整改方案是以达到防火目标为目的,具有科学性、经济性及合理性.     

福建三钢气烧石灰窑烟气除尘技术

总结了气烧石灰窑烟气除尘的3种技术方案及使用效果,并重点推出了一项达到欧洲排放标准的烟气除尘新技术。     

10万t锌系统电除尘器的设计与应用

对某厂采用普通型板式电除尘器处理l0万t锌沸腾焙烧烟气,在使用不到一年时间,造成设备腐蚀,甚至腐烂,严重影响了沸腾焙烧和制酸的正常生产,而被迫废弃的原因进行了较详细的叙述与剖析,并在此基础上重新设计研制了1台与实际生产相适应的GW1-55P-4 型电除尘器,于1998年9月建成并一次试车投产成功.     

秦沈客运专线工程建设办公信息系统的安全设计

从秦沈客运专线工程建设办公信息系统的网络和系统内部安全机制出发 ,提出了大型交通工程项目办公自动化系统信息安全技术的理论和设计思路。系统而成功的运行为今后同类项目的安全设计提供了一种新的思路并有一定的参考价值。     

任意点置镜测量既有曲线方法的研究

整正既有曲线是既有线提速改造和工务设计大修中的主要工作之一。传统的整正既有曲线的现场测量工作是将测量仪器置镜在曲线的钢轨上进行。这种方法既不安全 ,又容易引发交通事故 ,且工作效率极低。为改进传统的整正既有曲线的现场测量工作 ,满足火车提速和铁路建设的需要 ,提出采用置镜任意点的测量方法 ,对减少交通事故的发生和提高工作效率均具有十分重要的现实意义     

Investigation of three system shut-down strategies alongside optimization suggestion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells via in-situ measurements

ABSTRACT

Carbon corrosion caused by H₂/O₂ interface during the shut-down process is one of the factors that exacerbate the overall degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in automotive applications. Numerous studies have shown that system strategies are beneficial for reducing the duration of H₂/O₂ interface and alleviating performance degradation. In this paper, three different shut-down strategies are investigated and compared based on the internal behaviors acquired by in-situ measurements. For the three shut-down strategies, reverse current and high potential are mainly observed in a lower constant current and constant power strategy. Comparatively speaking, the internal uniformity of the cell under constant current and power load is better than that with constant voltage strategy when the shut-down time is about the same. The results suggest that adopting a higher constant power load followed by a larger voltage load during the shut-down process can effectively shorten the shut-down time and relieve carbon corrosion. These results add significant new insights into the shut-down process and will be of practical importance in directing design of combined shut-down strategy that can withstand carbon corrosion.