清洁生产的宏观管理与推进

目前,我国清洁生产的实施主要是以企业为单位来开展的。以企业为单位实施清洁生产存在内在动力不足、难以从更广泛和更系统性的方面考虑问题、难以承担费用较高的改善、成果难以进行复制和推广等问题。针对这些问题,提出了管理部门应从宏观上对清洁生产进行更多的管理与推进,管理部门应制定和推行相关法律法规和管理制度,推行清洁生产认证制度,推进产业和区域清洁生产,对企业提供政策、资金、技术和管理支持,加强清洁生产成果的总结和推广,建立和维护清洁生产的信息渠道。通过管理部门这些必要的规范、管理、扶持、鼓励,保障和促进企业清洁生产的开展及全社会清洁生产的顺利推进。     

赣东北超大型金山金矿床的成矿地质条件和找矿远景分析

在概述国内外超大型金矿床地质特征的基础上，着重论述了金山金矿床产出的地质背景和地质条件，认为金山矿田县有稳定的成矿物质来源，并经历了长期的成矿作用演化历史，具有多期次和不同类型成矿作用的叠加和改通的特征。最后提出了赣东北地区具有蕴藏超大型金矿床可能性的理由。     

下扬子地区古生界烃源岩饱和烃生物标志物地球化学特征

本文详细总结了下扬子地区古生界海相烃源岩饱和烃生物标志物地球化学特征，讨论了生物标志物的分布特征及其地球化学意义。并与华北地区和塔里木盆地生物标志物分布特征进行了对比。这对于长期勘探而又未获得重大突破的下扬子地区古生界海相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。     

华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩饱和烃生物标志物地球化学特征

本文对华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩生物标志化合物地球化学进行了系统的研究工作，并在烃源岩抽提物中检测到种类丰富的生物标志物，在此基础上讨论了生物标志化合物的分布特征及其地球化学意义，这一工作不仅为华北地区下古生界油气勘探提供了理论依据，而且丰富了碳酸盐岩有机地球化学理论。     

紫木凼金矿开采过程中的环境效应:1.污染状况对比

金矿开采具有其独特的环境效应 ,特别是贵州等地的卡林型金矿 ,因为这种金矿富含As、Tl、Hg、Sb、Pb等有毒元素 ,而且矿区发育喀斯特地形 ,使这类金矿的开采具有“毒上加毒”的污染特征和“明暗相间”的污染扩散迁移特征。本文通过对紫木凼金矿从1 989年到 1 995年开采六年间土壤、地表水、地下水的监测项目的变化对比 ,证明了黄金生产造成了矿区土壤、地表水、地下水中CN- 、As、Hg、Pb、Zn等的增高 ,其中以对地表水的影响最大 ;确定了主要的污染源有采矿废石、矿渣及废液 ,主要污染物有CN- 、As、Hg、Pb和Zn ,由于矿区Tl的区域背景值较低 ,未造成Tl的二次污染。     

Electrocoagulation coupled with electrooxidation for the simultaneous treatment of multiple pollutants in contaminated sediments

In situ and simultaneous remediation of a variety of pollutants in sediments remains a challenge. In this study, we report that the combination of electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) is efficient in the immobilization of phosphorus and heavy metals and in the oxidation of ammonium and toxic organic matter. The integrated mixed metal oxide (MMO)/Fe anode system allowed the facile removal of ammonium and phosphorus in the overlying water (99% of 10 mg/L NH₄⁺-N and 95% of 10 mg/L P disappeared in 15 and 30 min, respectively). Compared with the controls of the single Fe anode and single MMO anode systems, the dual MMO/Fe anode system significantly improved the removal of phenanthrene and promoted the transition of Pb and Cu from the mobile species to the immobile species. The concentrations of Pb and Cu in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure extracts were reduced by 99% and 97% after an 8 hr operation. Further tests with four real polluted samples indicated that substantial proportions of acid-soluble fraction Pb and Cu were reduced (30%–31% for Pb and 16%–23% for Cu), and the amounts of total organic carbon and NH₄⁺-N decreased by 56%–71% and 32%–63%, respectively. It was proposed that the in situ electrogenerated Fe(II) at the Fe anode and the active oxygen/chlorine species at the MMO anode are conducive to outstanding performance in the co-treatment of multiple pollutants. The results suggest that the EC/EO method is a powerful technology for the in situ remediation of sediments contaminated with different pollutants.     

燃煤产生的有毒金属沉降对重庆水环境影响研究

本文将水、气、土壤视为一个统一的系统,选用WH TM模型,从机理着眼,分析了非点源有毒重金属在大气、土壤和水体中的迁移过程;研究预测了煤炭消耗量对环境造成的影响;模拟了能源消耗与转换过程排入环境中的气态或固态污染物、随水文循环最终以液态形式增加了水环境的污染负荷。特别着重于在酸性沉降条件下对水环境的危害。     

包装印刷的环境性能及绿色化对策探讨

绿色环保已成为新世纪的发展主题，包装印刷的绿色化问题已成为阻碍包装印刷工业持续发展的大问题。对此，在研究了现行各种包装印刷技术的环境性能，及包装印刷材料中油墨的环境性能的基础上，从总体上探讨了包装印刷绿色化五个方面的发展对策：发展无醇印刷和无水胶印技术，发展环保柔性版印刷技术，发展环保油墨，发展直接制版技术(CTP)和数字化印刷技术，发展废弃物处理技术。     

基于供需视角的中国煤炭消费演变特征及其驱动机制

作为全球煤炭消费和碳排放最大的国家,中国煤炭消费的演变趋势及其驱动机制,一直是科研工作者和政策制定者比较关注的议题。以2013年中国煤炭消费总量28亿tce为关键时间节点,对比分析煤炭消费动力机制的差异性。通过分别构建侧重供给侧分析的LMDI模型和侧重需求侧分析的IO-SDA模型,以期揭示中国煤炭消费的演变特征及驱动机制。主要结论如下：（1）基于供给端的因素分解分析,中国的煤炭消费主要由经济增长效应、能源强度效应、产业结构效应和能源结构效应共同驱动。2013年以来的GDP增速放缓、产业结构和能源结构的深度调整,以及能源消费强度的持续降低是煤炭消费总量下降的关键所在。（2）基于需求侧的结构分解分析,中国的煤炭消费主要由固定资本形成总额、出口和城镇居民消费所影响。出口紧随固定资本形成总额,是煤炭消费增长的两大需求端驱动因素,但是,由出口诱发的煤炭消费量在2007年全球金融危机之后达到阶段性峰值。城镇居民消费在2017年超越出口,成为当前煤炭消费增长的第二大需求端驱动因素。（3）基于最终需求视角,分行业煤炭消费呈现出由“出口到固定资本形成总额再到城镇居民消费”拉动的变化特征,同时,行业发展的煤炭资源依赖性逐步降低。     

Relationships between chemical elements of PM2.5 and O3 in Shanghai atmosphere based on the 1-year monitoring observation

Mass level of fine particles (PM_2.5) in main cities in China has decreased significantly in recent years due to implementation of Chinese Clean Air Action Plan since 2013, however, O₃ pollution is getting worse than before, especially in megacities such as in Shanghai. In this work, O₃ and PM_2.5 were continuously monitored from May 27, 2018 to March 31, 2019. Our data showed that the annual average concentration of PM_2.5 and O₃ (O₃-8 hr, maximum 8-hour moving average of ozone days) was 39.35 ± 35.74 and 86.49 ± 41.65 µg/m³, respectively. The concentrations of PM_2.5 showed clear seasonal trends, with higher concentrations in winter (83.36 ± 18.66 µg/m³) and lower concentrations in summer (19.85 ± 7.23 µg/m³), however, the seasonal trends of O₃ were different with 103.75 ± 41.77 µg/m³ in summer and 58.59 ± 21.40 µg/m³ in winter. Air mass backward trajectory, analyzing results of potential source contribution function model and concentration weighted trajectory model implied that pollutants from northwestern China contributed significantly to the mass concentration of Shanghai PM_2.5, while pollutants from areas of eastern coastal provinces and South China Sea contributed significantly to the mass level of ozone in Shanghai atmosphere. Mass concentration of twenty-one elements in the PM_2.5 were investigated, and their relationships with O₃ were analyzed. Mass level of ozone had good correlation with that of Ba (r = 0.64, p < 0.05) and V (r = 0.30, p > 0.05), suggesting vehicle emission pollutants contribute to the increasing concentration of ozone in Shanghai atmosphere.