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151.
152.
Clausen CA 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2004,24(4):407-411
Remediation processes for recovery and reuse of chromated-copper-arsenate- (CCA) treated wood are not gaining wide acceptance because they are more expensive than landfill disposal. One reason is the high cost of the nutrient medium used to culture the metal-tolerant bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis, which removes 70-100% of the copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-treated southern yellow pine (CCA-SYP) in a two-step process involving oxalic acid extraction and bacterial culture. To reduce this cost, the nutrient concentration in the culture medium and the ratio of wood to nutrient medium were optimized. Maximum metal removal occurred when B. licheniformis was cultured in 1.0% nutrient medium and at a wood to nutrient medium ratio of 1:10. Also, malted barley, an abundant by-product of brewing, was evaluated as an alternative nutrient medium. Tests were done to determine absorption of metals by barley, and the results indicate that the barley acted as a biosorbent, removing heavy metals from the liquid culture after their release from CCA to SYP. For comparison, tests were also performed with no nutrient medium. Following bacterial remediation, 17% copper and 15% arsenic were removed from an aqueous slurry of CCA-SYP (no medium). When oxalic acid extraction preceded the aqueous bacterial culture, 21% copper, 54% chromium, and 63% arsenic were removed. The two-step process (oxalic acid extraction and bacterial culture with nutrient medium) appears to be an effective, yet costly, way to remove metals. 相似文献
153.
Factors affecting private forest landowner interest in ecosystem management: linking spatial and survey data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacobson MG 《Environmental management》2002,30(4):577-583
Many factors influence forest landowner management decisions. This study examines landowner decisions regarding participation
in ecosystem management activities, such as a landscape corridor cutting across their private lands. Landscape corridors are
recognized worldwide as an important tool in biodiversity conservation. For ecosystem management activities to occur in areas
dominated by a multitude of small private forest landholdings, landowner participation and cooperation is necessary. Data
from a survey of landowners combined with an analysis of their land's spatial attributes is used to assess their interest
in ecosystem management. Results suggest that spatial attributes are not good predictors of an owner's interest in ecosystem
management. Other factors such as attitudes and opinions about the environment are more effective in explaining landowner
interest. The results have implications for any land manager using GIS data and implementing ecosystem management activities
on private forestland. 相似文献
154.
The use of seaweed as an agricultural soil conditioner gives rise to a potential pathway for the transfer of Technetium-99 ((99)Tc) from marine to terrestrial ecosystems and thence to man. However, to date there is little information on the extent of the release of (99)Tc from seaweed into soil and the mechanisms involved. This pot experiment has shown that (99)Tc is released fairly rapidly from Fucus vesiculosus into a sandy coastal soil. Despite low temperature conditions, 60% of the (99)Tc added with the seaweed had accumulated in the soil 15 weeks after addition. Concurrent CO(2) monitoring (used as a measure of microbial decomposition or catabolism) suggested that the initial (99)Tc release (up to 40% in the first 8 weeks) was due to leaching from the seaweed and that microbial decomposition was responsible for the release of the remaining (99)Tc in the latter phase (12-15 weeks). 相似文献
155.
156.
Thomas E. Croley Carol L. Luukkonen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(1):149-163
ABSTRACT: Computer simulations involving general circulation models, a hydrologic modeling system, and a ground water flow model indicate potential impacts of selected climate change projections on ground water levels in the Lansing, Michigan, area. General circulation models developed by the Canadian Climate Centre and the Hadley Centre generated meteorology estimates for 1961 through 1990 (as a reference condition) and for the 20 years centered on 2030 (as a changed climate condition). Using these meteorology estimates, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory's hydrologic modeling system produced corresponding period streamflow simulations. Ground water recharge was estimated from the streamflow simulations and from variables derived from the general circulation models. The U.S. Geological Survey developed a numerical ground water flow model of the Saginaw and glacial aquifers in the Tri‐County region surrounding Lansing, Michigan. Model simulations, using the ground water recharge estimates, indicate changes in ground water levels. Within the Lansing area, simulated ground water levels in the Saginaw aquifer declined under the Canadian predictions and increased under the Hadley. 相似文献
157.
Guidelines for implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act state that environmental impact statements (EISs) shall
use “appropriate graphics.” We examined one component of graphics, typography, identifying applicable criteria from the literature
and applying them to 150 EISs prepared by seven agencies. We found that the EISs ranged widely in typographic quality. The
average EIS met fewer than seven of ten criteria; 12% were considered unreadable. The results suggest that weak typography
may seriously limit public review of EISs. Agencies are encouraged to make typography a serious component of their public
participation programs. 相似文献
158.
159.
160.
Carol A. Bloomgarden 《Environmental management》1995,19(5):641-648
Anthropogenic climate climate change presents a unique challenge for endangered species policy and an opportunity for policy
makers to develop a more predictive and robust approach to preserving the nation's biological resources. Biological and ecological
reactions to shifting climate conditions and the potential feedbacks and synergistic effects of such changes may threaten
the well-being of many species, particularly of those already in jeopardy of extinction. The United States Endangered Species
Act of 1973 will fail to keep pace with increasing numbers of species needing protection as long as it remains focused on
protecting species individually. The actmust not be abandoned, however; it holds tremendous promise for preserving biological diversity through a more proactive, anticipatory
perspective. The current Endangered Species Act should be reinforced and improved by better integration of scientific expertise
into habitat and community preservation listing decisions and recovery plan devlopment. Given the uncertainties surrounding
long-term environmental consequences of human activities and resource use, a longer-term perspective must be integrated into
all efforts to protect our biotic resources.
Under appointment from the Graduate Fellowships for Global Change administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and
Ecducation for the US Department of Energy. 相似文献