上海市闵行区环保设施专业化运营效应研究

环保设施专业化运营是深化环境管理体制与制度创新，促进环保污染治理设施运营管理的社会化、市场化、专业化、规范化，建立企业污染物达标排放的长效管理机制。以上海闵行区环保设施专业化运营探索工作为实例，介绍了闵行区实施专业化运营的基础、实践内容及效果，分析了环保设施专业化运营的意义、效益和难点，为推广环保设施专业化运营和发展环保产业提供指导意义。     

人的安全性评价研究

随着人们对人在整个安全系统中的重要性认识的不断提高 ,如何对人的安全性进行科学的评价也就越来越显得重要。笔者在综合论述了目前我国对机车乘务人员、起重机械作业人员、驾驶员以及电力运行人员的安全性研究以及国外相关研究的基础上 ,提出了有关人的安全性评价的定义 ,并提出如何建立人的安全性评价体系以及对人的安全性评价的通用指标 ,探讨了在实际工作中如何运用上述指标去评价人的安全性。为人的安全性评价提供了一种有效的方法和新的研究思路     

化学混凝-SBR法处理肉禽屠宰废水的研究

针对肉禽屠宰废水的特点，采取了先混凝后生化的处理方法。在实验中确定了最佳混凝剂和最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明，采取此方法处理肉禽屠宰废水，其各项指标可达国家规定的排放标准。     

无声环境不利于健康

噪音对人体健康有害,这是谁也不会怀疑的事实。因此,人们想尽办法采取种种措施,千方百计来减少和消除噪音,以保障身体健康。然而,最近德国科学家们在研究中发现,一个完全没有声响的环境, 对人的身心健康同样也会造成损害。他们的研究表明,无声环境会使人产生恐惧不安、心律失常、食欲减     

济南市水资源现状与可持续发展对策

济南市是资源型缺水城市,地表水遭到严重污染,已成为水质型缺水城市,导致地下水超采、地面沉降、泉水停涌等一系列环境、生态、经济问题,水资源已成为制约济南市发展的瓶颈因素.在对济南市水资源现状及相关问题进行详细分析的基础上,提出加强客水资源调用与管理、水资源循环利用、合理制定水价等水资源可持续利用的措施和对策.     

用差示分光光度法测定高浓度皮革废水中铬的方法探讨

介绍了应用差示分光光度法直接测定高浓度皮革废水中Cr的方法，通过与原实验方法分析结果的对比，获得了满意的结果，能基本满足环境监测的要求。     

预防煤炭自燃的注砂技术实验研究

山砂是我国西北部矿区地表的主要自然资源之一,但如用其直接作为煤矿注浆防灭火的原料,不仅会造成输送管路的堵塞,还会引起输送管路的严重磨损。为此,首先研究了常见增稠剂羧甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯酸钠等对砂粒的悬浮性能,实验结果表明它们只能延缓砂粒的沉降。进而从理论上分析了砂粒悬浮的条件,发现具有一定屈服应力的假塑性流体特性的液体才能悬浮砂粒;并且悬浮砂粒粒径越大,所需屈服应力也越大。基于理论分析,研制了具有该特性的浆液,山砂在该浆液中不仅具有良好的悬浮性能,浆液还具有输送阻力小的特性。管道输送试验表明,浆液稳定性和流动阻力符合实际要求。     

Quantification of intrinsic water use efficiency along a moisture gradient in Northeastern China

Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important ecophysiological characteristic of plants, especially in semiarid and arid regions. At the scale of community or ecosystem, WUE is difficult to quantify because the amount of water used per unit dry mass production is a function of microclimatic variables and species composition. In this study, we analyzed corrected intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE(s)) of grass and shrub species along the western segment of the Northeast China Transect (NECT) and the relationship between IWUE(s) and mean annual rainfall, habitat degradation status, vegetation type, and plant functional type (C3 versus C4) at 22 survey sites. Site intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE(v)) and its relationship with the aforementioned site variables were analyzed based on species frequencies at each site. First, it was concluded that photosynthetic pathway played a very important role in determining species IWUE(s). Mean IWUE(s) for C4 species was approximately double that of C3 species. Second, mean annual rainfall, vegetation type, and site degradation status significantly affected IWUE(s) (p < 0.01). Mean IWUE(s) at degraded sites was twice as high as that at nondegraded sites. The mean IWUE(s) for meadows was significantly higher than those for other vegetation types (p < 0.05). Third, the frequency of occurrence of C4 plants explained 36% of the variance in IWUE(v) across the survey sites. The mean frequency of C4 occurrence at degraded sites was more than double that at nondegraded sites. Consequently, mean IWUE(v) at degraded sites was more than double that at nondegraded sites. Dominant C4 species in saline-alkaline areas tended to have higher intrinsic WUE than dominant C4 species in sandy shrub communities.     

Effects of fly ash addition on physical properties of porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique

The porous composites of clay and fly ash have the potential to be used in many fields, such as catalyst support and gas adsorbents. In this study, various ratios of fly ash (1–2) with different percentage of suspension (50–70 wt%) were applied to produce porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique. Fabrication process starts by mixing clay and fly ash in distilled water to form slurry. The process is followed by fully immersing polymer sponge in slurry. The excess slurry is then removed through squeezing. Finally, the sponge coated with slurry is sintered at 500 and 1250 °C for 1 h. It is found that the compressive strength of porous composites improves significantly (0.178–1.28 MPa) when the amount of clay-fly ash suspension mixture (50–70 wt%) increases. The compressive strength of porous composites is mainly attributed to the mullite, quartz and amorphous phase formations. These results are supported by X-ray diffraction analysis. On the other hand, increase in the amount of suspension reduces the apparent density (from 2.44 to 2.32 g/cm³) and porosity (from 97 to 85 %). The reduction in apparent density is believed to be caused by the presence of high fly ash content in porous composites. The melted fly ash cenospheres have closed the internal pores and increased density of samples. Higher suspension level not only reduces porosity, but also increases close pores of the porous composites. The results are justified through the observation from the structures of porous clay-fly ash composites.