污水土地处理系统中管网铺设率对流态的影响与CFD模拟

污水土地净化系统的水力特性直接影响污染物的处理效果,研究不同管网铺设率对水流流态的影响,可为设计参数的选择及反应器结构优化提供依据.因此,运用示踪-应答技术,以停留时间分布(RTD)理论为基础,对反应器中水流的状态进行分析.同时,借助计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent进行数值模拟.RTD分析和CFD模拟结果互补分析发现,底部的碎石层具有布水功能,而表面的水层具有集水的作用:水流在承托层中水平流动,竖直流经填料层,最后在水层中水平流入集水管网.在有承托层和水层的情况下,系统采用不同管网铺设程度的布水和集水方式对填料中水流的流态影响不大,然而管网孔口布水效果不均.各管网铺设率反应器的体积效率均在90％以上,但都有一定的无效体积或滞留区.半网布水、集水的反应器体积效率最高,流态接近推流形式.无因次平均停留时间为1.09,轴向扩散系数为0.037.     

Pollutant emission characteristics of rice husk combustion in a vortexing fluidized bed incinerator

Rice husk with high volatile content was burned in a pilot scale vortexing fluidized bed incinerator. The fluidized bed incinerator was constructed of 6 mm stainless steel with 0.45 m in diameter and 5 m in height. The emission characteristics of CO, NO, and SO2 were studied. The effects of operating parameters, such as primary air flow rate, secondary air flow rate, and excess air ratio on the pollutant emissions were also investigated. The results show that a large proportion of combustion occurs at the bed surface and the freeboard zone. The SO2 concentration in the flue gas decreases with increasing excess air ratio, while the NOx concentration shows reverse trend. The flow rate of secondary air has a significant impact on the CO emission. For a fixed primary air flowrate, CO emission decreases with the secondary air flowrate. For a fixed excess air ratio, CO emission decreases with the ratio of secondary to primary air flow. The minimum CO emission of 72 ppm is attained at the operating condition of 40% excess air ratio and 0.6 partition air ratio. The NOx and SO2 concentrations in the flue gas at this condition are 159 and 36 ppm, which conform to the EPA regulation of Taiwan.     

Effect of transition metal doping under reducing calcination atmosphere on photocatalytic property of TiO2 immobilized on SiO2 beads

TiO₂ immobilized on SiO₂ (TiO₂/SiO₂) have been prepared by sol-gel method and various ions of transition metals (Cr³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) were doped on the photocatalyst using wet impregnation method under reducing calcination atmosphere. The photocatalytic activity of metal doped TiO₂/SiO₂ towards phenol degradation under black light irradiation were investigated and compared with undoped TiO₂/SiO₂. The results showed that the photoresponse of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂ were larger than undoped TiO₂/SiO₂, indicating that the photogenerated carriers were separated more efficiently in Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ doped TiO₂/SiO₂. The reactivity was in the order of Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Co²⁺. The different photoreactivity was ascribed to combine effect of the different ionic radii and photocorrison tendency of the dopants. The sample was also characterized by surface analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrograph/electron dispersive X-ray analyzer and UV-Vis absorption spectrum.     

基于单颗粒质谱信息气溶胶分类方法的研究进展

气溶胶质谱仪在对气溶胶颗粒的监测过程中会产生大量单颗粒的化学成分和粒径信息,基于这些质谱数据能够推测颗粒的来源。而对气溶胶来源的分析,很大程度上是由颗粒的种类决定的,故对海量数据的分类就成为不可忽略的步骤。针对气溶胶质谱仪采集到的数据,概述了用于气溶胶分类的多种方法的理论核心、分类步骤及各自的优缺点等。据此可为今后气溶胶分类方法的研究提供建设性意见。     

遥感技术在环境监测中的作用

本文对遥感(3S)技术在环境监测中的应用方法、技术等进行了论述.     

佛山市创建生态市差距分析与策略研究

生态市建设是探索区域生态文明的准备阶段,亦是区域可持续发展道路的重要阶段。成功的生态市创建策略是在充分认识本区域发展现状及创建差距的基础上,抓住重点任务作出科学、合理、可操作的政策措施。佛山市提出了在2015年建成国家生态市的奋斗目标,时间紧任务重,必须尽快制定行之有效的策略。本文重点分析佛山市目前经济、生态环境与社会进步等方面与生态市考核指标要求之间的差异,在此基础上识别佛山市创建生态市的重点任务,进一步研究相应的配套政策需求。     

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Human Noroviruses in Korean Groundwater Between 2008 and 2010

RT-PCR, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed for genotyping and molecular characterization of noroviruses isolated from Korean groundwater. Among 160 samples collected from 80 sites between 2008 and 2010, 14 samples (8.7?%) from 12 sites were positive for noroviruses (NoVs). The percentages of NoV-positive samples in 2008, 2009, and 2010 were 22.2, 3.2, and 0?%, respectively, representing a yearly decrease. GII-positive samples (n?=?9, 5.6?%) outnumbered GI-positive samples (n?=?5, 3.1?%). The genotypes of the GI NoVs were GI.2, GI.5, and GI.6, and the genotypes of the GII NoVs were all GII.4. One sample, HM623465, was very similar to CUK-3 and CBNU2 and two GII.4 sequences isolated from the stool of Korean gastroenteritis patients. A BLASTN search revealed several nucleotide sequences highly similar to those of NoVs isolated in this study. The original isolation sources for these similar NoVs were mostly stool (n?=?731, 80.0?%) and groundwater (n?=?135, 14.8?%), and all the countries from which they were isolated were almost in Asia (96.0?%); specifically, China (n?=?192, 21.0?%), Japan (n?=?383, 41.9?%), Korea (n?=?296, 32.4?%), and other Asian countries (n?=?6, 0.7?%). These results suggest that Korean groundwater might be contaminated with NoVs from the stool of infected patients and that these NoVs in turn cause new cases of gastroenteritis through a typical fecal-oral route with region-specific circulation. Therefore, it is important to properly treat sewage, which may include waterborne viruses and manage point sources in groundwater for national health and sanitation. In addition, continuous molecular surveillance remains important for understanding circulating NoVs.     

玉米干旱等级划分及气象产量评估方法

分别以(玉米年雨量平均值±0.5倍标准差)和(平均值±1.5倍标准差)界定不同等级的干旱年份,分析了干旱年对玉米产量的影响,通过对玉米生育期气象条件的分析,建立了玉米气象产量评估方程。     

我国核电发展现状浅析

核电作为一种安全的清洁能源,对于优化能源结构、减少环境污染、具有重要意义。本文介绍了我国核电的现状,从安全性、环保性、经济性几方面对核电进行分析比较,说明积极推进核电发展是我国未来电力发展的选择。     

建设生态强市 共享生态文明

本文通过分析仪征市创建国家生态市在实践过程中所采取的措施、取得的成效、获得的经验和面临的困难,提出相关思路和对策,为该市生态文明建设打下基础。