流体化床Fenton深度处理合成制药废水研究

采用流体化床Fenton装置深度处理合成制药废水,通过正交试验确定了处理合成制药废水的最佳条件是HRT为20min,初始pH值为4.0,H2O2/CODcr（质量比）为4.0,H2O2/Fe2＋（摩尔比）为15,且在最佳条件下出水CODcr稳定在80mg/L以下,可以达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8979-1996）一级标准。同时将其与标准Fenton氧化法进行对比试验,结果显示流体化床FentonCODcr去除率可提高13%以上,污泥产生量可降低70%,运行成本可减低28%,稳定运行成本可以控制在3.0元/吨废水以内。     

固定化菌剂处理含油废水的试验研究

探讨了固定化菌剂的接种量、曝气强度及温度等因素对废水中CODer去除率的影响.试验结果表明:在采用适当的曝气方式和曝气强度下,温度为30℃时,采用10％的固定化颗粒接种量,4种固定化产品对含油废水中CODer降解均有较好的效果.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting e ects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the e uents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal e ciencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated e ects in di erent treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 10??8 to 6.19 10??7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 10??8 to 8.75 10??8 mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP, and 4.80 10??9 to 2.55 10??8 mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse e ects on the exposed organisms.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting effects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated effects in different treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 × 10-8 to 6.19 × 10-7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 × 10-s to 8.75 x 10-s mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP,and 4.80 × 10-9 to 2.55 × 10-s mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse effects on the exposed organisms.     

发展循环经济创建生态长沙

循环经济是一种以提高生态效率为核心、以遵循3R技术为原则、以两低一高为基本特征、符合可持续发展理念的经济增长模式.推行循环经济是实现社会-经济-环境系统可持续发展的必由之路.通过阐述循环经济内涵,并就长沙环境质量、资源供需情况、农业发展等方面作了分析,并且分析了长沙推行循环经济可能面临的问题,提出发展循环经济是长沙新的发展经济模式和实现经济、社会、环境协调发展的战略选择,并就此提出了建议.     

人为干预条件下油菜对镉、铬污染土壤的生物效应

采用盆栽模拟试验,研究了在强化剂乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)、柠檬酸(CA)和钝化剂石灰存在的条件下,土壤存在单一Cd、Cr及复合Cd、Cr污染时,甘蓝型油菜“甘杂1号”(Brassica napus L.)对Cd、Cr的吸收富集效应.结果表明:1)1.6 mg/kg的Cd和170 mg/kg的Cr单一及复合污染能够促进油菜的生长;2)当Cd为1.6 mg/kg、Cr为170 mg/kg时,10 mmol/kg的EDTA和CA能够有效促进油菜对Cd、Cr的吸收富集,相比对照,无论是单一还是复合污染,其Cd、Cr累积量都有显著增加,但10 mmol/kg的EDTA和CA均抑制了油菜的生长,植株的叶面出现了不同程度的失绿、发黄、脱水、脱落等症状;3)当向污染土壤中添加1.5 g/kg钝化剂石灰时,油菜各部分Cd、Cr的质量比相比对照显著下降,但对油菜的正常生长没有显著影响;4)各部分Cd、Cr质量比随添加强化剂、钝化剂的不同,有明显的变化.研究表明,“甘杂1号”油菜对低浓度Cd、Cr单一及复合污染表现出一定的耐性和吸收能力.     

用后柴油机尾气催化剂氨浸处理研究

以用后柴油机尾气催化剂体系V2O5-MoO3/TiO2为研究对象,采用氨浸的方法,在V和Mo有效提取的同时,制备得到TiO2光催化材料,研究氨浸处理前后样品的化学成分、晶体结构以及微观形貌对其光催化性能的影响.结果表明:氨浸处理后的滤渣主要是锐钛矿型TiO2,具有较好的光催化效果,其在光催化降解罗丹明B溶液120 min后,光催化降解率可达86.6％,可以作为光催化材料使用;光降解后的溶液中溶出的V离子含量在国家标准要求范围之内,不会对水体造成污染,从而基本实现了用后柴油机尾气催化剂综合利用的目的.