Adsorption behavior of phosphate on Lanthanum（III） doped mesoporous silicates material

A series of lanthanum doped meosoporous MCM-41 (LaxM41, x is Si/La molar ratio) was prepared by sol-gel method. The surface structure of the materials was investigated with X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption technique. The content of La in the materials was determined by ICP. It was found that the La content of La25M41, La50M41 and La100M41 was 7.53%, 3.89% and 2.32%, respectively. The phosphate adsorption capacities increased with increasing amount of La incorporation. With 0.40 g La25M41 99.7% phosphate could be removed. The effects of Si/La molar ratio, LaxM41 dose, pH, initial concentration of phosphate solution, co-ions on phosphate adsorption were also evaluated. The phosphate adsorption kinetics of LaxM41 could be well-described by the pseudo second-order model, and Langmuir isotherm fit equilibrium data much better than the Freundlich isotherm.     

模糊数学法在大型炼化一体化项目清洁生产评价中的应用

目前炼化一体化项目尚无相应的清洁生产标准。采用模糊数学评价法对某1 000万吨/年炼油、100万吨/乙烯一体化项目进行了清洁生产评价,评价结果表明该项目属于国内先进水平,但仍可以在降低原料含硫量,降低能耗等方面入手提高清洁生产水平。模糊数学评价法全面地评价影响项目清洁水平的所有因素,能将比较复杂、不够确定的多因素问题转化为有数字依据的简单易行的评价模式,为炼化一体化项目清洁生产的定量考核和指标化管理提供了一个科学的评价方法。     

发展清洁化学 保护生态环境

传统的化学工业在为人类社会发展提供强大物质基础的同时,由于工艺和原料的原因,也不可避免带来了严重的环境污染问题,对生态环境构成严重威胁。清洁化学的出现,为我们解决环境污染问题带来了新的希望。     

南京市土地利用遥感监测与评价

以2006年和2007年TM遥感影像为数据源,利用GIS技术,对南京市的土地利用动态变化进行了监测,结果表明,从2006～2007年,南京市耕地减少6723.72hm2,林地减少975.46hm2,而水域增加了1663.26hm2,建设用地增加了5191.11hm2,草地增加758.78hm2,未利用地增加了86.03hm2。与2006年相比南京市生态环境质量指数略有下降。     

流体化床Fenton深度处理合成制药废水研究

采用流体化床Fenton装置深度处理合成制药废水,通过正交试验确定了处理合成制药废水的最佳条件是HRT为20min,初始pH值为4.0,H2O2/CODcr（质量比）为4.0,H2O2/Fe2＋（摩尔比）为15,且在最佳条件下出水CODcr稳定在80mg/L以下,可以达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8979-1996）一级标准。同时将其与标准Fenton氧化法进行对比试验,结果显示流体化床FentonCODcr去除率可提高13%以上,污泥产生量可降低70%,运行成本可减低28%,稳定运行成本可以控制在3.0元/吨废水以内。     

固定化菌剂处理含油废水的试验研究

探讨了固定化菌剂的接种量、曝气强度及温度等因素对废水中CODer去除率的影响.试验结果表明:在采用适当的曝气方式和曝气强度下,温度为30℃时,采用10％的固定化颗粒接种量,4种固定化产品对含油废水中CODer降解均有较好的效果.     

利用不同形态硫同位素组成辨识土壤污染过程的方法初探

本研究利用硫含量变化特征和不同形态硫同位素组成的变化规律,分析土壤硫源和迁移转化过程,辨识土壤污染过程.在北京市首钢烧结厂和通州永乐店分别采集了2条土壤剖面.研究结果显示：首钢工业区土壤硫含量在0.01%和0.69%间变化,土壤全硫在0.001%和0.03%间变化;工业区附近土壤样品可溶性硫酸盐硫同位素组成、硫化物硫同...     

In vitro thyroid disrupting e ects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the e uents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal e ciencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated e ects in di erent treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 10??8 to 6.19 10??7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 10??8 to 8.75 10??8 mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP, and 4.80 10??9 to 2.55 10??8 mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse e ects on the exposed organisms.     

Developing chemical signatures of particulate air pollution in the Pearl River Delta region, China

PM2:5 samples were collected in a regional sampling network with three sites in Hong Kong and four sites in the adjacent inland Pearl River Delta (PRD) or Guangdong Province during four months/seasons from 2002–2003. Trans-boundary transport between Hong Kong and the inland PRD is inevitable under the influence of Asian monsoon. In summer, Hong Kong serves as the upwind site of the inland PRD while during other seasons it is under the influence of continental emissions. Previous studies have recognized the importance of using chemical signatures to differentiate local vs. regional contributions to air pollutants in Hong Kong such as the CO/NOx ratio, ratios of different VOC species. In this study, detailed chemical speciation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed with PM2:5 samples to identify new chemical signatures to distinguish aerosols in Hong Kong from those from the inland PRD. Since Hong Kong is not influenced by the continental emissions from the inland PRD during summer, comparison focused on chemical data obtained from this season for chemical signatures. The new ratios developed from the current study include LCPI/HCPI ratio of alkanes (0.39 0.02 in Hong Kong vs. 0.78 0.08 in the inland PRD), pyrene to benzo[ghi]perylene ratio (0.97 0.21 in Hong Kong compared to 0.20 0.06 in the inland PRD), and the ratio of 1,2-benzenedioic acid to 1,4-benzenedioic acid (1.8 0.1 in Hong Kong vs. 0.6 0.05 in the inland PRD). Results from this study also revealed that Hong Kong was impacted by ship emissions as reflected by substantially high V/Ni ratio (9 2) while this ratio was about 1–2 at all sites in the inland PRD, which is very close to typical ratios from residual oil combustion.     

In vitro thyroid disrupting effects of organic extracts from WWTPs in Beijing

It is generally known that there are many endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Most research has focused on the occurrence of estrogenic or androgenic activities, while ignoring that there are environmental chemicals disrupting thyroid system, which is essential for growth and development in both humans and animals. In the present work, a two-hybrid yeast assay was conducted to evaluate the removal efficiencies of agonistic or antagonistic thyroid receptor (TR) mediated effects in different treatment processes of three WWTPs located in Beijing. We found no TR agonistic, but TR antagonistic activities in all processes from the WWTPs. The TR antagonistic activities in organic extracts of water samples were then calibrated regarding to a known TR-inhibitor, amiodarone hydrochloride (AH). The observed concentration of TR disrupting substances ranged from 2.35 × 10-8 to 6.19 × 10-7 mol/L AH in Gaobeidian WWTP, 3.76 × 10-s to 8.75 x 10-s mol/L AH in Lugouqiao WWTP,and 4.80 × 10-9 to 2.55 × 10-s mol/L AH in Beixiaohe WWTP. Of the three WWTPs, the removal rates were 92.7%, 42.2%, and 23.1% respectively. Industrial sewage may contain more TR disrupting substances compared with domestic sewage. The recipient waters were found to contain considerable concentrations of TR disrupting substances that may cause adverse effects on the exposed organisms.