Top-runner incentive scheme in China: a theoretical and empirical study for industrial pollution control

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pollution control policies have achieved remarkable results in China. However, industrial firms still lack enthusiasm for technological innovation to...     

Report: transboundary hazardous waste management. part II: performance auditing of treatment facilities in importing countries.

Before implementing the self-monitoring model programme of the Basel Convention in the Asia, Taiwan has conducted a comprehensive 4-year follow-up project to visit the governmental authorities and waste-disposal facilities in the countries that import waste from Taiwan. A total of nine treatment facilities, six of which are reported in this paper, and the five countries where the plants are located were visited in 2001-2002. France, Belgium and Finland primarily handled polychlorinated biphenyl capacitors, steel mill dust and metal waste. The United States accepted metal sludge, mainly electroplating sludge, from Taiwan. Waste printed circuit boards, waste wires and cables, and a mixture of waste metals and electronics were the major items exported to China. Relatively speaking, most treatment plants for hazardous waste paid close attention to environmental management, such as pollution control and monitoring, site zoning, system management regarding occupational safety and hygiene, data management, permits application, and image promotion. Under the tight restrictions formulated by the central environment agency, waste treatment plants in China managed the environmental issues seriously. For example, one of the treatment plants had ISO 14001 certification. It is believed that with continuous implementation of regulations, more improvement is foreseeable. Meanwhile, Taiwan and China should also continuously enhance their collaboration regarding the transboundary management of hazardous waste.     

EXAFS study of adsorbed Cu(II) on fly ashes with different residual carbon contents.

This work studied the speciation of copper species adsorbed onto the surface of fly ash using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Experimental results verified that the chemical bond between Cu(II) and the surface of the fly ash was Cu-O. The data set was optimally fitted into the two atomic shells: the first shell containing O atoms and the second shell containing Cu atoms. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data also show that, in the first shell, about 2.03-2.41 nearest oxygen atoms surround the center Cu atom with a Cu-O bond distance of 1.96-1.99 A. The results further demonstrated that the bond distance slightly increased with an increasing carbon content of the fly ash.     

Surface chemistry of activated carbons and its relevance for effects of relative humidity on adsorption of chlorinated organic vapors

The effects of relative humidity (RH) on the adsorption of methylene chloride (METH) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCEA) on two commercial activated carbons, made from bituminous coal (carbon BPL) and coconut shell (carbon PCB), were studied. Three levels of RH were tested by tracking the breakthrough curves of each adsorbate eluted from a fixed-bed adsorption column. Adsorption capacities for these adsorbates were decreased with increase of RH. The magnitude of the effect of water vapor on adsorption is greater for carbon BPL and METH than for carbon PCB and TCEA. The results of the effect of water vapor on the adsorption capacity observed in this study were further examined based on the chemical characterization of activated carbons and the fundamental physical differences between the adsorbates.     

Prenatal diagnosis of de novo distal 11q deletion associated with sonographic findings of unilateral duplex renal system,pyelectasis and orofacial clefts

In utero diagnosis of de novo distal 11q deletion associated with renal and orofacial malformations has not been previously described. We present a 35-year-old pregnant woman with prenatal sonographic findings of a unilateral duplex renal system, pyelectasis and orofacial clefts at 20 weeks' gestation. Both genetic amniocentesis and postnatal cytogenetic analysis revealed de novo 46,XX,del(11)(q23). After birth, the fetus manifested a dysmorphic phenotype correlated with del(11q) syndrome. Genetic marker analysis showed a paternally derived distal deletion of chromosome 11q and a breakpoint centromeric to D11S1341. The present case represents the earliest prenatal diagnosis of a duplex renal system, pyelectasis and an additional feature of orofacial clefts associated with distal 11q deletion. Prenatal sonographic detection of a duplex renal system, pyelectasis and orofacial clefts should warrant a careful assessment of fetal anatomy and prompt cytogenetic analysis looking for chromosomal aberrations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市污染治理市场化的可行性研究

分析了国家有关污染治理市场化的政策和法规、国内外的成功经验以及重庆具备有利条件，据测算每个家庭月增加支出污水和垃圾处理费14.35-29.84元。对城市居民的生活质量不会造成明显的负 面影响，表明城市污染治理走市场化之路是可行的。     

带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮精锻的变形分析

此文对空心坯料精锻带轮毂直齿圆柱齿轮工艺进行了模拟实验,并以座标网格法着重对精锻终了阶段进行了变形分析,获得了金属流动规律,提出了对制订精锻工艺有参数价值的结论。     

硅改性生物炭吸附水中Cd(Ⅱ)机理的量化分析

以纳米二氧化硅为硅源制备硅改性生物炭,利用吸附动力学、吸附等温线及SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR、XPS等表征研究硅改性生物炭对水中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附机理,并定量分析各种吸附机制的贡献率.结果表明,当添加SiO₂质量比为0.5%时制备的生物炭(0.5SiBC)吸附Cd(Ⅱ)效果最佳,最大吸附量为132.64 mg·g^-1,是未改性生物炭(BC)的1.56倍;0.5SiBC对Cd(Ⅱ)吸附过程符合拟二级动力学和Freundlich模型,其吸附过程属于化学吸附;XRD、FTIR和XPS等结果表明,0.5SiBC吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的机理主要有矿物质沉淀、离子交换作用和络合作用,各种机理贡献率依次为：矿物质沉淀(46.61%)>离子交换(33.79%)>其他机理(18.36%)>络合作用(1.24%);0.5SiBC对Cd(Ⅱ)的离子交换和矿物质沉淀量比BC分别提高133.80%和41.46%,硅改性主要通过提高生物炭的离子交换和矿物质沉淀能力来提高吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的能力.研究表明,硅改性生物炭作为去除水溶液中Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附剂具有较好的...