LRL-150型垃圾焚烧炉电视监控系统的设计

为了处理生活垃圾，减少城市污染，保护环境，经过多年研究，制造开发出日处理焚烧150m^3生活垃圾的垃圾焚烧炉。在高温作业下，为了使工作人员能清晰观察炉内燃烧状况。配备了适用于垃圾焚烧炉的高温电视自动化监控系统。通过它可以在监控室内直接观测、掌握焚烧炉运行情况，从而改善了工人的工作条件，提高了工作效率，经专家审定．认为可以推广。文中主要介绍了电视监控系统的结构、性能等情况。     

我国开发区环境问题及对策

本文概要地价绍了我国开发区建设中存在的主要环境问题，并提出了加强宣传提高全民环境意识，强化政府的环境管理职能，统一规划，积极推行清洁生产等环境保护对策。     

催化裂解治理废旧轮胎制炭黑和燃料油产业化研究

介绍采用催化裂解技术治理废旧轮胎制炭黑和燃料油的工艺流程和成套设备,该工艺设备耗能低、产品质量好,工艺合理, 可连续投料、连续运转,处理效率高,最大限度地降低了二次污染,适合于治理废旧轮胎的产业化发展。     

Release characteristics of mercury in chemical looping combustion of bituminous coal

This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion (CLC) using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of several parameters, such as temperature in the fuel reactor (FR) and air reactor (AR), gasification medium in the FR, and reaction atmosphere in the AR, on mercury release characteristics, were investigated. The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored. The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR, while the rest of it was released in the AR. Hg⁰ was found to be the major species in the released mercury. The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg⁰ proportion. However, a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg⁰ proportion. The increase in the H₂O/CO₂ ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg⁰ proportion. A higher O₂ concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount, but a positive effect on Hg⁰ oxidization.     

黄土丘陵区土地利用变化对深层土壤有机碳储量的影响

通过研究黄土丘陵子午岭林区5种典型土地利用类型土壤剖面有机碳分布特征,分析了天然乔木林转变为人工乔木林、天然乔木林转变为农田、天然灌木林转变为农田及撂荒后土壤有机碳变化特征.同时,以浅层(0~100 cm)土壤为对照,探讨了土地利用变化对深层(100~200cm)土壤有机碳储量的影响.结果表明,在0~200 cm剖面上,天然乔木林、天然灌木林、人工乔木林、撂荒地、农田土壤有机碳含量分别为5.85、3.96、4.98、3.09、3.20 g·kg-1,天然乔木林、人工乔木林土壤有机碳含量显著高于天然灌木林、撂荒地和农田(p0.05).各土地利用类型下浅层和深层土壤有机碳含量分别占0~200 cm土壤有机碳含量的58%~73%和27%~42%,不同土地利用类型间浅层土壤有机碳含量差异显著,但深层土壤有机碳含量差异不大.土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量影响显著.天然乔木林转变为人工乔木林、天然乔木林转变为农田、天然灌木林转变为撂荒地、天然灌木林转变为农田4种土地利用转变方式0~200 cm土壤有机碳储量分别减少了9.68、52.90、20.20、12.49 t·hm-2,减幅为7%、39%、21%、13%,其中,浅层土壤减少了2%~48%,深层土壤减少了12%~22%.相对于林地开垦为农田而言,农田退耕还林后土壤有机碳的恢复要慢得多.研究结果揭示了浅层和深层土壤有机碳对土地利用变化的敏感性,反映了深层土壤有机碳具有较大的稳定性.     

Knudsen cell and smog chamber study of the heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on Chinese mineral dust

The heterogeneous uptake processes of sulfur dioxide on two types of Chinese mineral dust（Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang sierozem） were investigated using both Knudsen cell and smog chamber system. The temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was studied over a range from 253 to 313 K using the Knudsen cell reactor, the initial uptake coefficients decreased with the increasing of temperature for these two mineral dust samples, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of the Xinjiang sierozem increased with the temperature increasing, and these temperature dependence functions were obtained for the first time. In the smog chamber experiments at room temperature, the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 decreased evidently with the increasing of sulfur dioxide initial concentration from 1.72 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1012mol/cm3. Humid air had effect on the steady state uptake coefficients of SO2 onto Inner Mongolia desert dust.Consequences about the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples and the environmental implication were also discussed.     

黄土丘陵区不同有机碳背景下侵蚀坡面土壤呼吸特征

以黄土丘陵区5个不同有机碳背景的坡面S型小区(坡顶为对照区、坡中为侵蚀区、坡脚为沉积区)为研究对象,通过对土壤呼吸速率的动态观测,分析坡面不同类型区土壤呼吸特征及其与土壤温湿度、有机碳和坡位的关系.结果表明,土壤温度的变化对沉积区土壤呼吸影响较大,土壤湿度的变化对侵蚀区土壤呼吸影响较大.有机碳是影响土壤呼吸的首要因子,可解释土壤呼吸变异的54.72%;其次是土壤湿度、坡位和土壤温度,分别可解释土壤呼吸变异的18.86%、16.13%和10.29%.侵蚀对坡面土壤呼吸的影响具有明显的原位和异位效应,侵蚀导致坡面侵蚀区土壤呼吸减小了21.14%,沉积区土壤呼吸增大了21.93%.侵蚀坡面土壤碳排放的源汇效应与有机碳水平有关,当土壤有机碳含量大于6.82 g·kg-1时,坡面侵蚀趋向于碳汇过程;当有机碳含量小于3.03 g·kg-1时,坡面侵蚀趋向于碳源过程.文中模型可以较好地反映有机碳和土壤温湿度与土壤呼吸的关系.     

城市河流,湖库中痕量有机污染物的测试方法

采用ＧＤＸ－５０２大孔树脂和ＧＣ－ＭＳ等仪器对城市河流，湖库中的痕量有机污染物进行测试分析，共检出５８种有机污染物，其中含有多种美国ＥＰＡ公布的重点污染物。因而为痕量有机污染物的研究建立了灵敏度高，分辨率好的测试方法。     

生产性四级转盘生物膜活性的测定与分析

本文以处理生物制品废水的生产性四级转盘的生物膜为材料,在监测转盘对废水污染指标(BOD_5、COD_(cr)、挥发酚)降解性能的同时,测定了各级转盘生物膜的挥发性固体(VS)、活性微生物数目(AMN)以及TTC-脱氢酶活性(TTC-DHA)等活性参数,并分析讨论了VS、AMN、TTC-DHA与转盘级数的关系以及TTC-DHA与VS的相关性等问题。结果表明,TTC-DHA可能将会成为测定转盘生物膜活性的有效参数。     

城市河流与湖库中痕量有机污染物的研究

通过采用ＧＤＸ－５０２富集,ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析,对城市河流、湖库中的痕量有机污染物进行分析,共检出５８种有机污染物,其中含有多种美国ＥＰＡ公布的重点污染物,从而为痕量有机污染物的研究建立了灵敏度高,分辨率好的测试方法。