Stabilize lead and cadmium in contaminated soils using hydroxyapatite and potassium chloride

Combination of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and potassium chloride (KCl) was used to stabilize lead and cadmium in contaminated mining soils. Pot experiments of chilli (Capsicum annuum) and rape (Brassica rapachinensis) were used to evaluate the stabilization efficiency. The results were the following: (1) the optimal combination decreased the leachable lead by 83.3 and 97.27 %, and decreased leachable cadmium by 57.82 and 35.96% for soil HF1 and soil HF2, respectively; (2) the total lead and cadmium concentrations in both plants decreased 69 and 44 %, respectively; (3) The total lead and cadmium concentrations in the edible parts of both vegetables also decreased significantly. This study reflected that potassium chloride can improve the stabilization efficiency of hydroxyapatite, and the combination of hydroxyapatite and potassium chloride can be effectively used to remediate lead and cadmium contaminated mining soil.     

The Impact of Typhoon Morakot on Heavy Metals of Dapeng Bay and Pollution from Neighboring Rivers

This study demonstrates that prior to Typhoon Morakot, the index of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Cr was above moderate pollution levels in Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring rivers. During January 2007, the content of Zn metal in Dapeng Bay and Tungkang River was also above moderate pollution levels, while after the Typhoon Morakot event, all metals were at levels below the criteria for low pollution. This work has demonstrated that the samples collected from Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring river systems displayed individual crowd–distribution phenomena, indicating variability between the heavy metal content of sediments collected from Dapeng Bay and the three neighboring rivers. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of heavy metal pollutants in the sediments of Dapeng Bay, along with pollution sources from three neighboring rivers, provides useful information in the fields of disaster management, habitat recovery, operative management, as well as ecotourism specification.     

化学溶蚀及冻融循环作用下砂岩的力学特性研究∗

选取云南的砂岩作为试验岩样,研究砂岩经过化学溶蚀及冻融循环作用下的力学特性。通过对砂岩在3种水化环境(PH=3的HCl溶液、PH=7的水溶液、PH=12的NaOH溶液)作用后分别进行循环冻融试验,并在不同冻融循环温度 (-20 ℃、-30 ℃、-40 ℃、-50 ℃)作用下对试样进行单轴压缩试验和三点弯曲试验。结果表明：砂岩经过化学溶蚀和冻融循环作用下的劣化损伤模式主要受冻融循环温度及不同水溶液影响,在不同的水溶液中,单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、应力峰值和断裂韧度均随着冻融循环温度的降低而逐渐降低;HCl溶液浸泡后的砂岩损伤变量最大,而在对砂岩有修补作用的NaOH溶液中出现了负损伤的变化。     

Groundwater pollution source apportionment using principal component analysis in a multiple land-use area in southwestern China

Identification of different pollution sources in groundwater is challenging, especially in areas with diverse land uses and receiving multiple inputs. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA) was combined with geographic information system (GIS) to explore the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality and to identify the sources of pollution and main factors governing the quality of groundwater in a multiple land-use area in southwestern China. Groundwater samples collected from 26 wells in 2012 and 38 wells in 2018 were analyzed for 13 water quality parameters. The PCA results showed that the hydro-geochemical process was the predominant factor determining groundwater quality, followed by agricultural activities, domestic sewage discharges, and industrial sewage discharges. Agriculture expansion from 2012 to 2018 resulted in increased apportionment of agricultural pollution. In contrast, economic restructure and infrastructure improvement reduced the contributions of domestic sewage and industrial pollution. Anthropogenic activities were found the major causes of elevated nitrogen concentrations (NO₃^?, NO₂^?, NH₄⁺) in groundwater, highlighting the necessity of controlling N sources through effective fertilizer managements in agricultural areas and reducing sewage discharges in urban areas. The applications of GIS and PCA successfully identified the sources of pollutants and major factors driving the variations of groundwater quality in tested years.

     

三角帆蚌对北京富营养化河湖水体的滤水效率和放养方式研究

2009年9月,在北京市水利科学研究所实验基地采用室内实验方式,研究了三角帆蚌在北京富营养化水体中的滤水效率,对比水体上层和底层2种放养方式对水体净化效果差异。结果表明:三角帆蚌平均滤水率为(31.63±6.67)mL/(min.kg);上层放养方式对水体透明度改善效果显著,叶绿素a在48 h即显著降低,且维持在较低水平。三角帆蚌有利于富营养化水体净化,实际应用中应采用水体上层放养方式。     

厌氧折流板反应器处理高浓度含硫酸盐有机废水研究

采用容积约44 L由11格组成的厌氧折流板反应器(anaerobic baffled reactor,ABR)处理含有机物(COD 4 g/L)及硫酸盐(5 g/L)的模拟制革废水,水力停留时间(HRT)为48 h,容积负荷为2 kg COD/(m3.d),连续运行78d的处理效果。结果表明,稳定运行后对有机物的去除率为30%～40%;硫酸盐的去除率达到60%～70%;各格污泥的产甲烷活性逐级变弱,且随运行时间的延长也有明显减弱的趋势;硫酸盐还原菌菌数(SRB)则随运行时间的延长呈逐步增加后又减少的趋势;硫化物在运行30 d后开始增加,逐渐稳定在150～200 mg/L的范围,但在各格中其浓度并无规律性变化。反应器中的污泥运行40 d以后出现矿化加重现象。     

Optimal model averaging by data perturbation for spatial noisy data

Geostatistical models play an important role in spatial data analysis, in which model selection is inevitable. Model selection methods, such as AIC and BIC, are popular for selecting appropriate models. In recent years, some model averaging methods, such as smoothed AIC and smoothed BIC, are also applied to spatial data models. However, the corresponding averaging estimators are outperformed by optimal model averaging estimators (Hansen in Econometrica 75:1175–1189, 2007) for the ordinary linear models. Therefore, this paper focuses on the optimal model averaging method for geostatistical models. We propose a weight choice criterion for the model averaging estimator on the basis of the generalized degrees of freedom and data perturbation technique. We further theoretically prove the resultant estimator is asymptotically optimal in terms of the mean squared error, and numerically demonstrate its satisfactory performance. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a mercury data set.     

Integrated process development for the recovery of Europium and Yttrium from waste fluorescent powder

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Fluorescent powder plays an important role in the modern electronic lighting products. During the production of electronic lighting products, a...     

氨基修饰介孔分子筛SBA-15对水中Pb~(2+)吸附性能

以二乙烯三胺基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,利用后修饰方法,制备出氨基修饰SBA-15。利用傅立叶红外光谱仪,N2-吸附脱附对样品结构进行表征,并讨论了吸附动力学特性及吸附等温特性。结果表明,修饰后的SBA-15吸附水中Pb2+时在120 min内可以达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合拟二阶动力学方程。Langmuir模型及Dubinin-Radushkevich(DR)模型很好地描述了Pb2+在修饰后SBA-15上的吸附行为,其中基于Langmuir模型计算得出的25℃时最大吸附量为84.25 mg/g。D-R模型计算得出的平均吸附自由能在25℃、35℃和45℃时分别为-13.9、-14.4和-16.0 kJ/mol,表明吸附可能属于表面络合作用,可以归为化学过程。