气候变化与自然灾害

气候变化与自然灾害是当今科学研究的两大热点，两者之间在一定程度上具有相关性，但目前要确切地定量计算气候变化对自然灾害的强度和出现频率的影响还很困难。本文在分析气候变化与自然灾害关系的基础上，研究了气候变化对我国自然灾害的影响。研究结果显示：１．在千年尺度上，长江流域的大旱和气候变冷成正相关，而长江流域的大涝以及黄河流域的大旱和大涝与气候冷暖过渡期成正相关；２．在百年尽度上，近１０４２年来，共出现２８１次全国性大旱和大涝，平均每百年出现２７次，在地域分布上以南涝北旱为主；３．就百年至千年尺度的气候变化对自然灾害的影响而言，气候冷冷组合期（１３０１～１９００）易发生全国性大涝，而冷暖组合期（９５０～１３００年，１９０１～１９９１年）易发生全国性大旱。总的来说，冷冷组合期的大旱大涝发生频率明显大于暖期，但不同地区有差异；４．在其它影响方面，台风、地震与海啸灾害在冷暖组合期（２０世纪）均有比冷冷组合期（１４和１９世纪）多的趋势。因此，气候变暖将使防灾任务更加艰巨。     

全球增暖对自然灾害的可能影响

近年来，气候对环境的影响已受到全球科学家越来越多的重视，中国是一个有１１亿人口的大国，生态环境较为脆弱，全球变暖将严重影响我国社会与经济生活的各个方面。本文初步研究了全球变暖对自然灾害的可能影响。结果表明，在大气ＣＯ２含量加倍的情况下，全球变暖将可能导致暴雨频度和洪涝风险增加，西北干旱趋势仍将延续；森林火灾、台风、滑坡与泥石泫灾害可能加剧；农林病虫害危害增加，范围扩大。同时，全球变暖导致的海平面上     

太阳能光催化降解法去除水中罗丹明染料的研究

在太阳光的紫外线辐射下，应用载有ＴｉＯ２薄层的平板式光催化反应器，进行了光催化降解法去除水中罗丹明染料的试验，结果表明，当紫外线辐射强度平均为３３Ｗ／ｍ＾２，反应时间为１８ｍｉｎ时，水中罗丹明染料浓度由１０ｍｇ／Ｌ降至０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ，在室国家排放标准，探讨了太阳能光催化反应系统的改进方向及工业化应用的有关问题。     

Starch- polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked film— performance and biodegradation

Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer. Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed. While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength. Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more converged degradation curves. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

基于神经网络的重大危险源动态分级研究

利用自组织神经网络对重大危险源进行动态分级研究，介绍了神经网络的模式聚类即分级法的自组织学习过程和算法，克服了以往危险源分级方法的某些局限性。在计算机上进行的模拟计算表明：基于自组织神经网络的重大危险源动态分级方法是合理可行的     

关于安全投资效益目标函数的建立和优化

通过对安全投资与事故经济损失的规律性的分析研究，确立安全投资与经济效益的内在关系，进一步探索在我国现有财力和安全水平的基础上，找准安全投资的投向，优化安全投资的合理分配，从而实现最大限度地提高企业安全生产水平和安全投资效益。为政府部门或企业提供一套经过优化、科学合理、操作性又比较强的安全投资方案，供各级领导进行安全决策，实现本部门、本单位的安全投资计划时参考     

王甫洲工程泄水闸围堰基础高喷防渗墙施工

王甫洲水利枢纽工程泄水闸施工围堰基础主要为砂卵石层，结构中密～密实，属较强～极强透水层。使用改制的ＢＺＫ—３Ａ 型喷灌机，大水量、大浆量、不分序连续施工，高压定喷构筑围堰基础防渗板墙。经围井开挖检查，钻孔及围井挖后抽水试验、泄水闸基坑开挖后的防渗效果分析表明，高喷防渗板墙厚度、墙体强度及墙体渗透系数均满足设计要求     

防辐射有机玻璃板材的抗辐射性能

系统研究了含铅有机玻璃、含钡有机玻璃、含硼有机玻璃和普通有机玻璃的ｘ、γ射线和中子射线防护性能及其耐６０Ｃγ射线辐照稳定性。结果表明，含铅有机玻璃板材具有良好的ｘ射线、反应堆热柱γ射线屏蔽性能；合硼有机玻璃板材具有良好的热中子屏蔽性能；含钡有机玻璃板材的褪化裂变谱中子辐射屏蔽性能良好；含钡有机玻璃和普通有机玻璃可耐１０５～１０６Ｇｙ的６０Ｃｏｙ射线辐照；含铅有机玻璃板材耐６０Ｃｏｙ射线照射能力小于１０５Ｇｙ。     

Cultural and individual differences in self‐rating behavior: an extension and refinement of the cultural relativity hypothesis

This study examined the relationships between culture, individual attributes, and self‐rating behavior among 1,786 university students in Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, mainland China, and Japan, and in doing so extended and refined the cultural relativity hypothesis. It explored the difference between vertical and horizontal individualists in self‐rating behavior, and examined the mediating effects of two individual attributes, self‐enhancement propensity and general self‐efficacy in the relationship between individualism and self‐rating behavior. The results confirmed that individualism is the cultural driver for self‐rating leniency, and that the individual‐level assessment of individualism is a stronger predictor of self‐rating leniency than are culture‐level differences. Vertical individualism was found to be positively related to self‐enhancement propensity, which in turn was positively related to self‐rating. Whereas, horizontal individualism was positively related to general self‐efficacy, which in turn had a positive relationship with self‐rating. We discuss the implications of the results for academic research and practical management. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各地招退工过程中的行政控制立法比较

用人单位在招退工过程中,作为劳动保障部门的行政控制权究竟处于什么样的水平才是合适的,这一直是各地司法实践中所关注的问题.由于我国《劳动法》对这一问题没有作出明确规定,使得我国地方立法有了较大的空间.