生态城市建设指标体系与综合评价研究

城市生态系统是社会、经济和自然三个子系统构成的复合生态系统。本文探讨了生态城市指标体系及其评价标准,并采用综合加权方法确定评价指标的权重,建立了生态城市评价的灰色关联度模型。结合南京生态城市系统的现状进行了综合评价,为南京生态城市发展战略的制定以及生态城市的管理提供决策指导。     

外生菌根对欧洲赤松苗(Pinussylvestris)Cu、Zn积累和分配的影响

通过测定２种不同施锌和施铜水平下苗木和离体菌丝中铜锌含量研究了接种外生菌根（Ｓｕｉｌｌｕｓｂｏｖｉｎｕｓ）对欧洲赤松（Ｐｉ－ｎｕｓｓｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓ）苗生长和微量元素积累和分配的影响． 结果表明菌丝的侵染增加了苗木生长同时也增加了植物体内重金属的含量．然而菌根植物中的重金属大部分分布在根部在铜处理中菌根植物地下部分的铜含量是无菌根植物的２．６倍在锌处理中锌是无菌根植物的１．３ 倍． 说明菌丝侵染使植物将过量的重金属滞留在根部从而增加了植物对过量重金属的抗性．通过进一步测定培养在过量重金属中的离体菌丝的重金属含量结果显示随着外界重金属浓度的增加菌丝分泌物内重金属含量比菌丝内重金属含量增加快说明滞留在根部的重金属可能并没有进入根系而是以某种形态滞留在菌丝分泌物和菌丝内．     

地表水质自动监测系统建设及运行管理研究

文章重点介绍了地表水水质自动监测系统的建设、运行、管理及应用,提出了标准化、智能化、实用性、统一性、可升级和可扩展性相结合的系统建设原则,从加强运营维护、完善监管机制、加强质量管理、严格绩效考核、科学审核数据五方面探讨了系统运行管理模式,强调自动监测数据在环境管理工作中的重要应用.文章最后对物联网、云计算和大数据技术在推动水质自动监测系统发展方面进行了展望.     

化学解耦联剂对活性污泥工艺中污泥产率的影响

采用3,3′,4′,5-四氯水杨酰苯胺(TCS)作为代谢解耦联剂添加到活性污泥工艺中,连续曝气分批培养实验结果表明,TCS在浓度高于1.0mg/L时是一种有效的化学解耦联剂,能显著地降低污泥产率.当TCS浓度为6.0mg/L时,污泥产率可降低约50%.在40d的运行期间,隔天分别在3个反应器中添加TCS 2.0、2.8和3.6mg/L,基质的去除能力和出水氨氮及总氮浓度均未受影响,污泥的SOUR值和脱氢酶活性相应增加,污泥的沉降性能也未见有明显影响.镜检发现,对照反应器中的污泥经40d运行后仍有丝状菌存在,而添加解耦联剂反应器中的污泥几乎无丝状菌的存在.以上结果表明,可以应用TCS来降低活性污泥工艺中的剩余污泥产量.     

Numerical model to quantify biogenic volatile organic compound emissions: The Pearl River Delta region as a case study

This article compiles the actual knowledge of the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions estimated using model methods in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, one of the most developed regions in China. The developed history of BVOC emission models is presented briefly and three typical emission models are introduced and compared. The results from local studies related to BVOC emissions have been summarized. Based on this analysis, it is recommended that local researchers conduct BVOC emission studies systematically, from the assessment of model inputs, to compiling regional emission inventories to quantifying the uncertainties and evaluating the model results. Beyond that, more basic researches should be conducted in the future to close the gaps in knowledge on BVOC emission mechanisms, to develop the emission models and to refine the inventory results. This paper can provide a perspective on these aspects in the broad field of research associated with BVOC emissions in the PRD region.     

区域水环境污染预警系统的建立

深入分析水环境污染预警系统的目的，结构，实现以及各子系统的耦合，提出区域水环境污染预警系统应由区域内多个主要预警中心组成，每个预警中心包括通讯子系统，技术支持子系统，应急风险分析和决策支持子系统等。区域水环境污染预警系统的实现由实时处理和离线处理2个部分组成，前者包括现场流量，蒸发，降雨实时信息的收集，数据的传递和接收，预警模型计算和输出，决策管理，后者包括历史数据和区域特征输入，预警模式选择；参数率定等。目前建立预警系统面临的主要困难在于实时信息的获取和系统不确定性分析方法，相应地，对系统的持续改进也就是要加强信息交流，提高模型的识别能力，扩展系统的评价与决策功能等。     

天津市中心城区集中供应管网末梢水的抗生素耐药基因污染特征研究

为了研究天津市中心城区集中供应管网末梢水的抗生素耐药基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)污染特征,采集了天津市中心城区6个采样点的管网末梢水样,分别采用微孔滤膜正压过滤法及核酸吸附-洗脱法富集水中细菌和胞外核酸后,利用实时定量PCR技术对15种胞内ARGs和胞外ARGs进行定量检测....     

低浓度二氧化碳检测管的研制

应用活性氧铝—百里香酚酞吸附ＣＯ２线性比长法研制出低浓度ＣＯ２检测管。测定范围０．０５～０．９０％;灵敏度为０．０５％;检测管变色长度与ＣＯ２浓度的相关系数γ＝０．９９８１,精密度与准确度符合国家标准８３ＧＢ７２２０～７２８０。其可靠性与经典的何氏气体分析器比较,结果基本一致。低浓度的ＳＯ２、Ｈ２Ｓ和ＮＨ３对测定无明显干扰,现场监测应用效果可靠,值得推广应用。     

南四湖沉积物中有机氯农药和多氯联苯垂直分布特征

通过对采集于南四湖湖区的沉积物柱状样品中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）同系物的GC-ECD定量分析测定,并结合²¹⁰Pb同位素定年分析,重建了南四湖湖区有机污染物的污染史.结果表明,样品中OCPs、HCHs、DDTs和PCBs的含量范围分别为1.64～17.9、0.66～12.5、0.24～2.99和7.84～42.8 ng·g^-1.柱状沉积物的沉积速率为0.330 cm·a^-1,平均沉积通量为0.237 g·(cm²·a)^-1,所采集的样品沉积时间为1899～2000年.OCPs和PCBs分别在1960和1970年左右出现浓度峰值,随后含量逐渐下降.污染物来源分析表明,HCHs来源于新的工业HCH和林丹2种工业品,HCH和DDT污染主要源于历史上的使用;PCBs主要来自于造纸漂白过程和焚烧炉排放.生态风险评价结果表明,除β-HCH、γ-HCH和艾氏剂3种污染物在14～16　cm附近、对应沉积时间为1960年左右测试数据略高于风险水平低值,其余污染物的所有数据均低于风险水平低值.整体而言,南四湖柱状沉积物中的OCPs和PCBs含量属于低生态风险水平.     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.