高浓度阿维菌素生产废水治理与资源回收技术研究

采用预处理一厌氧水解－二段接触氧化工艺处理阿维菌素废水，在厌氧段停留时间为１０ｈ，好氧段停留时间为６ｈ条件下，厌氧好氧段ＣＯＤ总去除率达９１％，     

紫外—双氧水和亚铁离子体系对硝基苯光降解的研究

研究了以５００Ｗ直管高压汞灯为光源，在双氧水和亚铁离子的体系中，对硝基苯进行光降解的可能性。结果表明，在实验条件下，本系统对硝基苯有明显的降解效果。浓度为５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的硝基苯经过６０ｍｉｎ的光照，其降解率可达９１．７％。此外，还探讨 铁离子浓度、双氧水浓度、硝基苯浓度、ｐＨ值等因素对光降解的影响。     

重庆大气汞初步调查

对重庆市大气汞调查结果表明，重庆渝中区及近郊区大气汞浓度范围为９．２～１０１．５ｎｇ／ｍ３，平均３４．４ｎｇ／ｍ３；大气汞形态９０％以上为气态汞；大气汞分布在工厂区及城市中心较高，城外较低，自然保护区最低。     

利用pH值梯度研究建筑砂浆的酸蚀程度

在两种不同ｐＨ值模拟酸雨和３种浸泡时间条件下，据ｐＨ值梯度测定了各类保护剂处理建筑砂浆试件的酸化层厚度，从而判定保护剂的保护效果，了解酸蚀程度。并分析了影响酸化层厚度的因素。     

O3氧化处理染料废水的试验研究

Ｏ３是一种强氧化剂。利用臭氧处理带色有机废水。可以脱色，而且可以降低废水ＣＯＤ。采用Ｏ３氧化脱色速度快，效果好，对废水的脱色废可达８０％以上，这是通常的混凝处理通信以达到的。如果采用通臭氧和混凝联合处理，处理效果会更好，脱色率可提高到９５％以上。     

7种农药对管氏肿腿蜂的毒性及初级风险评价

为评估农药对寄生类自然天敌昆虫的安全性,选择管氏肿腿蜂(Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu)作为受试生物,采用管测药膜法测定了3种杀虫剂、2种除草剂、2种杀菌剂对其致死效应,并根据田间推荐剂量计算暴露量,采用风险商值HQ对杀虫剂进行风险评估。结果显示,与空白对照比较,3种杀虫剂均具明显毒性作用,其中丁硫克百威、吡虫啉和呋虫胺对管氏肿腿蜂的24 h半致死量(24 h-LR50)分别为5.11、2.92和0.06 g a.i.·ha-1,农田内风险商值分别为60.23、16.64和3 105。除草剂和杀菌剂在3倍最大田间推荐剂量作用下,24 h管氏肿腿蜂死亡率均小于50%。上述结果表明,在田间推荐用量下,3种杀虫剂对管氏肿腿蜂的初级风险评价为存在高风险,建议进一步开展高级阶段风险评估或者采取合理的风险管理措施来降低风险;除草剂和杀菌剂对管氏肿腿蜂的风险可接受。     

中国典型河湖水体铅的水生生物安全基准与生态风险评价

采用物种敏感度排序法(SSR)对我国铅的淡水水生生物安全基准进行推导,并以太湖为例进行了流域水生生物安全基准推导。对于难以获得的本土生物毒性数据,开展了相应的毒性试验。获得了我国国家与太湖流域铅的水生生物安全基准值,基准最大浓度(CMC)分别为63.92、104.26μg·L-1,基准连续浓度(CCC)分别为1.21、4.06μg·L-1。同时,对我国主要河流以及太湖流域进行了铅的生态风险评价,联合概率曲线法显示影响5%水生生物种类的概率分别为66.22%和43.19%,熵值法则显示中国主要河流存在较大的铅暴露风险,因此,我国铅的潜在生态风险较大,主要河流与太湖流域存在铅污染问题。     

Characteristics of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript>, CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and particle-number concentration in mass transit railway carriages in Hong Kong

Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) levels, carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels and particle-number concentrations (PNC) were monitored in train carriages on seven routes of the mass transit railway in Hong Kong between March and May 2014, using real-time monitoring instruments. The 8-h average PM_2.5 levels in carriages on the seven routes ranged from 24.1 to 49.8 µg/m³, higher than levels in Finland and similar to those in New York, and in most cases exceeding the standard set by the World Health Organisation (25 µg/m³). The CO₂ concentration ranged from 714 to 1801 ppm on four of the routes, generally exceeding indoor air quality guidelines (1000 ppm over 8 h) and reaching levels as high as those in Beijing. PNC ranged from 1506 to 11,570 particles/cm³, lower than readings in Sydney and higher than readings in Taipei. Correlation analysis indicated that the number of passengers in a given carriage did not affect the PM_2.5 concentration or PNC in the carriage. However, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.001, R ² = 0.834) was observed between passenger numbers and CO₂ levels, with each passenger contributing approximately 7.7–9.8 ppm of CO₂. The real-time measurements of PM_2.5 and PNC varied considerably, rising when carriage doors opened on arrival at a station and when passengers inside the carriage were more active. This suggests that air pollutants outside the train and passenger movements may contribute to PM_2.5 levels and PNC. Assessment of the risk associated with PM_2.5 exposure revealed that children are most severely affected by PM_2.5 pollution, followed in order by juveniles, adults and the elderly. In addition, females were found to be more vulnerable to PM_2.5 pollution than males (p < 0.001), and different subway lines were associated with different levels of risk.     

福建浦城一三都澳铜金银多金属成矿带成矿地球化学研究

本文校系统地研究了成矿元素及微星元素．稀土元素和铅、硫、氢、氧同位素等成矿地球化学特征．研究结果表明，研究区内成矿物质来源是多方面的；成矿过程中的介质水在成矿主要阶段是大气降水与再平衡岩浆水的混会，在成矿晚期则主要来自大气降水；成矿是多阶段的，可依据各阶段的矿化程度来确定今后应侧重的矿种．     

华南玄武岩红土化过程中微量元素地球化学

广东、海南的玄武岩．在强烈的红土化过程中．元素在红土剖面中发生迁移和残留、贫化和富集。根据红土化过程中元素的地球化学性状，将元素划分为活泼元素和不活泼元素两大类。并首次采用了元素它集因子这个概念来探讨红土化过程中微量元素的地球化学行为。最后讨论了红土化过程小金的表生富集作用。