城市轨道交通噪声的声源特性研究进展

分析了城市轨道交通噪声的主要类型、基本特性、传播规律及其影响因素;综述了国内外城市轨道交通噪声的预测及测量分析技术的研究成果,并对其进行了总结比较,阐述了各种方法的特点、主要成就和局限;最后探讨了城市轨道交通噪声领域今后的研究方向和发展趋势,为解决城市轨道交通发展中的噪声问题提供了参考.     

On-line production of ferrate with an electrochemical method and its potential application for wastewater treatment – A review

A number of studies on the oxidation of various organic/inorganic contaminants by ferrate(VI) were reported in the 1980s and 1990s. The exploration of the use of ferrate(VI) for water and wastewater treatment has been well addressed recently. However, challenges have existed for the implementation of ferrate(VI) technology in practice due to the instability of a ferrate solution or high production cost of solid ferrate products. The research has been carried out aiming at the generation and application of ferrate(VI) in situ. This paper thus reviews ferrate chemistry and its overall performance as a water treatment chemical, discusses the factors affecting the ferrate yield efficiency using the electrochemical method, and finally, summarises the work on the production and use of ferrate in situ which is currently under study.     

微波萃取肉类样品中的多氯联苯方法研究

用丙酮和正己烷（1＋1）的混合溶剂做萃取剂,采用微波萃取的方法提取动物肉类中的9个多氯联苯（PCBs）单体,通过弗罗里硅土和氧化铝净化后,在带ECD检测器的气相色谱上测定。取样量为2g时,多氯联苯（PCBs）在GC—ECD上响应的线性范围为11～100ng／g,研究的样品加标测定范围为11—500ng／g,检出限从5．3—13．3ng／g,平均加标回收率在98．7％-118％。     

季铵化合物对环境的影响及微生物降解研究进展

季铵化合物(QACs)作为最主要的阳离子表面活性剂,被认定为一种需要深入研究的潜在有害物质.美、日、欧地区学者已经对QACs展开了广泛研究,而国内只对其分析监测方法作了一些初步探索,在环境领域对于QACs的研究还鲜有报道.综述了QACs在城市污水处理厂以及自然水体中的分布特征、环境风险、降解特性以及降解机制等方面的研究进展,并对QACs的环境影响以及生物降解的研究方向进行了探讨,对相关研究人员具有一定的参考价值.     

一株高效脱硫脱氨氮菌的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析

从运行稳定的能同步脱臭的曝气生物滤池中采集样品,富集分离获得一株能高效脱硫脱氨氮的菌株TS-1。对分离菌株进行形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析,结果表明,该菌株TS-1为革兰氏阳性菌,杆状;菌落在营养琼脂培养基上呈圆形,表面光滑,乳白色半透明;V-P试验阴性,能水解淀粉和明胶,利用柠檬酸盐生长;对菌株进行16S rRNA的PCR扩增,扩增产物测序结果表明分离菌株TS-1与巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）同源性达到99%;以16S rRNA同源性为基础构建了包括24株相关种属细菌在内的系统发育树,在系统发育树中,分离菌株TS1与Bacillus megaterium在同一分支。结合形态观察、生理生化试验及16S rRNA基因序列分析结果,将其初步鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）。在常温（30±2）℃、转速为150 r/min的条件下,处理pH 7、S^2-和NH⁺₄-N分别为80 mg/L和88 mg/L的水样40 h,硫化物和氨氮的脱除率分别为91.8%和96.6%。     

几种试剂对硝酸根光催化脱色甲基橙的影响

以NO^-₃为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对甲基橙溶液进行光催化脱色。结果表明,叔丁醇、甲醇和乙醇对催化脱色反应有抑制作用; KBr和Na₂SO₄对脱色反应均有促进作用;而且KBr的加入量存在最佳值; Na₂SO₄的促进作用随Na₂SO₄的量的增加逐渐增强。Na₂CO₃的存在对甲基橙的脱色反应没有影响。K₂S₃O₈和NO^-₃之间存在较强的协同作用;KIO₃和NO^-₃之间存在相加作用;KBrO₃和NO^-₃之间存在拮抗作用。     

Screening analysis of volatile organic contaminants in commercial inorganic coagulants used for drinking water treatment

A method for quality screening is suggested to detect volatile impurities in inorganic coagulants that are used for drinking water treatment. Static headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HS–GCMS) is sensitive and selective to detect volatiles in low concentrations. This study has discovered that volatile organic impurities are detectable in ferric and aluminium-based coagulants which are used for drinking water treatment. For ferric chloride, 2-propanol was detected at a level of 17–24 μg ml⁻¹, acetone at 0.7–1.7 μg ml⁻¹, 1,1,1-trichloroacetone at 0.02–0.04 μg ml⁻¹, trichloromethane at 0.01–0.02 μg ml⁻¹ and toluene at 0.01–0.12 μg ml⁻¹. For ferric chloride sulfate, acetone was detected at a level of 0.12 μg ml⁻¹, 1,1,1-trichloroacetone at 0.06–0.08 μg ml⁻¹, trichloromethane at 0.13–0.23 μg ml⁻¹, bromodichloromethane at 0.04–0.06 μg ml⁻¹ and dibromochloromethane at 0.04–0.05 μg ml⁻¹. For aluminium hydroxide chloride, only trichloromethane was detectable, but below the method detection limits (MDL). Although the concentrations of these impurities in commercial coagulants are low, this observation is important and should have impact on water industries for them to pay attention to the chemicals they are using for drinking water production.     

油田固体废物的毒性试验研究

通过对某油田3个区域井场的废弃钻井液和取自集输站及注水站的油泥(砂)等两种固体废物进行急性生物毒性试验和浸出毒性试验,试验结果表明:该油田的废弃钻井液急性生物毒性相对较大,油泥(砂)不具有急性生物毒性;这两种固体废物均不具有浸出毒性和腐蚀性。     

美国对石油天然气勘探开发中废物的环境监管

石油天然气勘探开发及生产过程中会产生大量的废物,对这些废物的管理目前受到各国高度的重视。文章介绍了美国石油和天然气勘探开发中废物的监管机构、监管要求和管理实践,以期对我国油气行业勘探开发废物的环境监管有所启示。     

煤矿安全评价指标体系权重的确定方法

本文以层次分析法为理论基础,通过对近几年新疆煤矿灾害事故的分析,结合目前煤矿灾害事故的特点和规律,建立综合型的安全评价指标体系。用层次分析法计算确定各指标的权重,作为编制和量化安全检查表的基础,从而提高了煤矿安全评价结果的准确性和科学性。