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271.
以双室无介体微生物燃料电池构建了BOD检测系统,研究了阴极流量、有机物浓度(BOD)及阳极流量的变化对系统响应信号(电池电压)的影响,并考察了系统响应信号与BOD浓度的对应关系。结果表明:阴极流量在1.5~5mL/min时,阴极流量变化对响应信号具有显著的影响,且响应信号随阴极流量增大而增大;当阴极流量由5 mL/min增加到10 mL/min时,阴极流量变化对响应信号影响不显著。BOD浓度在10~150 mg/L时,响应信号随底物浓度增加而升高,而BOD浓度大于150 mg/L时,BOD浓度变化对响应信号没有显著影响。当BOD浓度较高时,阳极流量变化对响应信号影响不大,但当BOD浓度较低时,阳极流量变化对响应信号有显著影响,且响应信号随阳极流量增大而增加。电池稳态电压与BOD浓度在10~150 mg/L范围内成指数衰减关系,而电池电压的初始变化速率与BOD浓度在50~200 mg/L范围有线性响应。 相似文献
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不可再生自然资源的约束和环境质量的不断恶化是经济可持续发展必须要面对的挑战。就环境问题而言,现实中一个特征事实是,在不同的收入水平下人们对环境质量的需求不同,只有当收入达到一定水平之后,人们才会注重生活质量的改善。基于现有研究,在考虑非再生自然资源的约束条件下,本研究将环境质量作为生产要素的一部分引入最优增长理论的分析框架,探讨了在环境污染和自然资源双重约束下的长期经济增长问题。在非再生自然资源和环境污染的双重约束下,本研究表明解决环境问题必须要采用的手段是促使技术进步的创新研发,因为技术进步是环境库兹涅茨曲线出现拐点的不可或缺的一个必要条件。在市场竞争的环境下,由于知识的非竞争性质使得研究部门的研究是次优的。因此,政府应当通过适当的财政政策和法制安排以激励私人投资者研究与开发新技术的积极性。 相似文献
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Ruiqiang Yang An Li Chuanyong Jing Pu Wang Guibin Jiang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2310-2316
High mountains may play significant roles in the global transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aims to investigate the levels, patterns and distribution of semi-volatile organoclorine pollutants and to improve the understanding of the long-range atmospheric transport and fate of contaminants on the Tibetan Plateau. A total of 60 fish samples were collected from eight lakes located between 2813 and 4718 m above sea level across the Plateau. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in fish muscle. The results showed that concentrations of DDT, HCH and HCB were comparable to or lower than those found in remote mountains of Europe, Canada and US, while PCB concentrations in fish were, on average, about 4-150 times lower on Tibet than at other mountain areas. The transport and fate of contaminants in the Plateau are significantly influenced by the unique climatological and meteorological conditions, particularly by the summer Indian monsoon and winter westerly jet stream. 相似文献
277.
不同模糊评价方法在水环境质量评价中的应用比较 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
近年来,运用模糊评价方法对水质和水体营养化程度进行评价逐渐受到重视。目前,对模糊评价方法的研究多集中在实测数据标准化、权重的确定和模糊模式识别模型研究几个方面。以滇池历年营养物质数据为实测数据,通过对几种实测数据标准化方法、权重确定方法和模糊模式识别方法的组合应用,获得水环境质量模糊评价最优组合方法。结果表明,在评价方法中,实测数据标准化方法采用线性内插法,权重的确定采用超标倍数法,模糊模式识别模型采用广义海明距离和加权海明距离法,即采用超标倍数法的广义海明距离和加权海明距离法能够更真实反映水环境质量的实际情况。 相似文献
278.
Cost-effectiveness of two operational models at industrial wastewater treatment plants in China: A case study in Shengze town,Suzhou City 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The widespread illegal discharge of industrial wastewater in China has posed significant challenges to the effective management of industrial wastewater treatment plants (IWTPs) and caused or exacerbated critical social issues such as trans-boundary environmental pollution. This study examines two operational strategies, decentralized model and an innovative integrated model, that have been used in the industrial town of Shengze (located in Suzhou City) over the past two decades at IWTPs handling wastewater from the city’s dyeing industry. Our cost-effectiveness analysis shows that, although the operational cost of IWTPs under the integrated model is higher than under the original decentralized model, the integrated model has significantly improved IWTP performance and effectively reduced illegal discharge of industrial wastewater. As a result, the number of reported incidents of unacceptable pollution in local receiving water bodies had declined from 13 in 2000–1 in 2008. Key factors contributing to the success of the innovative integrated model are strong support from municipal and provincial leaders, mandatory ownership transfer of IWTPs to a centralized management body, strong financial incentives for proper plant management, and geographically-clustered IWTPs. 相似文献
279.
Xueyuan Wang Xin-Zhong Liang Weimei Jiang Zhining Tao Julian X.L. Wang Hongnian Liu Zhiwei Han Shuyan Liu Yuyan Zhang Georg A. Grell Steven E. Peckham 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(5):660-669
This study develops fine temporal (seasonal, day-of-week, diurnal) and vertical allocations of anthropogenic emissions for the TRACE-P inventory and evaluates their impacts on the East Asian air quality prediction using WRF-Chem simulations in July 2001 at 30-km grid spacing against available surface measurements from EANET and NEMCC. For NO2 and SO2, the diurnal and vertical redistributions of emissions play essential roles, while the day-of-week variation is less important. When all incorporated, WRF-Chem best simulates observations of surface NO2 and SO2 concentrations, while using the default emissions produces the worst result. The sensitivity is especially large over major cities and industrial areas, where surface NO2 and SO2 concentrations are reduced by respectively 3–7 and 6–12 ppbv when using the scaled emissions. The incorporation of all the three redistributions of emissions simulates surface O3 concentrations higher by 4–8 ppbv at night and 2–4 ppbv in daytime over broad areas of northern, eastern and central China. To this sensitivity, the diurnal redistribution contributes more than the other two. 相似文献
280.
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of cadmium (Cd) adsorbed by microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C.reinhardtii). The kinetic and adsorption isotherm of the process could be well described by mathematical models. Chemical modification experiments and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that carboxyl and amine groups were the important functional groups for adsorption of Cd. The maximum contribution of physical adsorption in the overall adsorption process was evaluated as 5.5%... 相似文献