两种外源有机酸对蜈蚣草修复锑污染土壤的影响

以蜈蚣草(Pteris vittata L.)为受试材料,利用盆栽试验研究了不同添加量(0、5、10、20 mmol·kg^-1)外源柠檬酸和苹果酸对锑(Sb)污染土壤pH和Sb形态的影响,以及两种外源有机酸对蜈蚣草富集Sb和蜈蚣草抗氧化系统的影响,并分析了利用有机酸强化蜈蚣草修复锑污染土壤的可能性及其作用机制.结果表明,土壤锑含量为500 mg·kg^-1时,种植20 d后,两种有机酸使土壤pH从6.26降到4.99～5.93,土壤中弱酸提取态Sb含量增加,残渣态Sb含量减小.两种有机酸均提高了蜈蚣草根、茎和叶中Sb含量,且作用效果为柠檬酸>苹果酸;20 mmol·kg^-1柠檬酸的加入使根、茎和叶中Sb含量分别达到最大值4740、256、77.5 mg·kg^-1,较对照组分别提高77.08%、230.90%、84.39%.相比对照组,柠檬酸和苹果酸添加均可显著提高蜈蚣草根系活力和抗氧化酶活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,其中,柠檬酸的作用最大.说明两种有机酸通过提高蜈蚣草对Sb的吸收富集,增强对S...     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified TiO2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a hydrothermal treatment and modified by three kinds of amines,namely ethylenediamine,polyetherimide and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA),to study their CO2 adsorption properties from gas streams.The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy,as well as low temperature N 2 adsorption.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column at 30℃.TEPA-modified TiO2 nanotubes showed the highest adsorption capacity of 167.64 mg/g because it had the highest amino-group content among the three amines.CO2 fixation on TiNT impregnated by TEPA was investigated at 30,50,and 70℃,and the adsorption capacity increased slightly with temperature.Following the adsorption step,the sorbents were regenerated by temperature programmed desorption,and the TiNT-TEPA sample,as CO2 sorbent,was found to be readily regenerated and energy-efficient.The cycle test also revealed that the TiNT-TEPA adsorbent is fairly stable,with only a 5% drop in the adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,the CO2 adsorption behavior was investigated with the deactivation model,and which showed an excellent prediction for the TiNT-TEPA breakthrough curves.     

Differential responses of short-term soil respiration dynamics to the experimental addition of nitrogen and water in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/（m2.year） with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition （WCK） increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2 over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the efftuxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil COz efftuxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2 fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution.     

锡林郭勒盟农村牧区饮用水水质现状

根据锡林郭勒盟环境保护监测站2010年,对全盟13个旗县市区所辖农村牧区的42个饮用水供水点水质监测结果,进行单因子评价和综合评价,研究分析锡盟农村牧区饮用水水质现状及饮用水水质超标的主要原因,提出了相应的改善措施与保护对策。     

响应面法优化CANON工艺处理猪场沼液脱氮性能研究

为了得到全程自养脱氮（completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite,CANON）工艺处理猪场沼液脱氮性能的最佳工艺条件,以处理实际猪场沼液的连续流CANON工艺为研究对象,采用BBD响应面法优化其关键运行参数,探究了HRT（水力停留时间）、温度和进水ρ（NH₄+-N）各因素的交互作用.结果表明:①HRT、温度和进水ρ（NH₄+-N）对反应器脱氮效率均有显著影响,且数学模型拟合度良好,各因素对TN、NH₄+-N去除率的影响程度由强到弱依次为进水ρ（NH₄+-N）> HRT >温度.②通过BBD响应面法获得最佳脱氮条件为HRT 1.35 d、温度34.4℃、进水ρ（NH₄+-N）415 mg/L.在接近响应面优化后的条件下进行验证试验,得到出水ρ（NH₄+-N）平均值为74.68 mg/L,NH₄+-N去除率为83.05%;出水ρ（TN）平均值为108.28 mg/L,TN去除率为73.91%,与模型预测值较接近.研究显示,BBD响应面法能在较少的试验次数下检验影响因素之间的交互作用,可科学地优化CANON工艺处理猪场沼液的脱氮性能.      

珠穆朗玛峰地区新降雪的化学特征

根据1998年8、9月份在珠穆朗玛峰东侧东绒布冰川源头所采集的新降雪样的化学成分资料并与不同时期前人在该地区采集的降水样进行对比,初步探讨了该地区降水的化学特征及其气候环境意义.结果表明,珠峰地区夏末降水非常纯净,主要离子浓度可与南极和格陵兰地区相当,代表了全球偏远地区的大气环境本底值;珠峰地区不同季节降水的化学成分有明显的差异,反映了不同的水汽来源和气候状况.8～9月的水汽主要来源于南亚季风;4～5月的降水深受中亚干旱、半干旱区粉尘的影响,说明其降水的化学特征具有气候敏感性.     

太湖草藻型湖区间隙水理化特性比较

选择了太湖具有代表性的草型湖区-东太湖和藻型湖区-梅梁湾进行间隙水和沉积物理化指标的研究.对间隙水中pH值、E_h、EC等参数进行了比较分析,并讨论了间隙水氧化还原特征对间隙水中氮磷营养盐、溶解性有机碳和无机碳的影响;对沉积物中形态磷与间隙水理化指标的相互关系做了初步分析.结果显示,草型湖区间隙水还原性高于藻型湖区,间隙水氮磷分布和氧化还原特征显著相关;沉积物中Fe-P含量与间隙水氧化还原特征及正磷酸盐含量均有显著相关关系.     

阳离子聚合物改性膨润土对六价铬的吸附特性研究

采用阳离子聚合物聚环氧氯丙烷二甲铵（EPIDMA）和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDMDAAC）分别对钠基膨润土进行了改性,研究了改性膨润土吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的主要影响因素.结果表明,膨润土经阳离子聚合物改性处理后,吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的能力提高了5倍以上.改性膨润土所使用的阳离子聚合物量、阳离子聚合物/膨润土的投加量、溶液pH值、温度、振荡时间影响其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为.阳离子聚合物负载量分别为99.6 mg/g的EPIDMA/Bt和55.1 mg/g的PDMDAAC/Bt,在20℃、pH=4.0的溶液中,投加量为10 g/L反应120 min时,对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量分别为0.71 mg/g和0.56 mg/g.EPIDMA/Bt和PDMDAAC/Bt对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模式.     

硝化抑制剂的加量对生化需氧量值影响的探讨

BOD作为衡量水体受有机污染程度的重要指标,其反映的可生化降解性是其他参数无法替代的。在5日生化培养时间内,硝化作用的耗氧量取决于是否存在足够数量的能进行此种氧化作用的微生物,许多二级生化处理的出水和受污染较久的水体中,往往含有大量硝化微生物,因此测定这种水样时应抑制其硝化反应。通过对特定水体硝化抑制剂添加与否及加量多少对BOD5测定结果的影响,分析并探讨抑制特定水体硝化过程的最佳条件。在严格质量控制的基础上,对特定行业和环境水体的实际样品进行硝化抑制剂添加与否和加量及时间培养曲线等对比实验,通过所得到的比对数据以化学需氧量值与BOD5之间关系为基准,对硝化抑制剂的加量进行了探究。     

有机负荷调控对餐厨垃圾高温固态发酵全过程影响

为提高餐厨垃圾沼气工程能源利用效率.本试验采用全混合式连续发酵,通过调控餐厨垃圾高温厌氧发酵过程中OLR变化,探究OLR为0.7、1.2、4.4 kg·m^-3·d^-1下产气性能、pH、SCOD和VFAs等参数变化.结果表明,反应器能在0.7 kg·m^-3·d^-1下低负荷启动,此阶段产气性能较差,VFAs浓度受正丁酸含量增长缓慢上升,但仍处于低浓度范围.OLR提升至1.2 kg·m^-3·d^-1,正丁酸分解成乙酸速率加快,乙酸浓度比0.7 kg·m^-3·d^-1阶段增长17.36%,发酵液中VFAs积累导致系统酸化抑制产甲烷菌产气性能,外加碱溶液无法调控酸碱平衡.OLR为4.4 kg·m^-3·d^-1时,VFAs浓度增长趋于平稳,调节pH至6.7以上反应器稳定运行.随着产甲烷菌活性恢复,沼气产量维持在25 L·d^-1左右,VFAs浓度快速下降并稳定在19.68~21.30 g·L^-1之间.实际沼气工程可控制OLR在0.7 kg·m^-3·d^-1下启动,待发酵系统稳定运行后增加OLR至4.4 kg·m^-3·d^-1同时调节pH到6.7以上,可以达到最佳产沼气工艺.而维持OLR在1.2 kg·m^-3·d^-1更适合获得高浓度VFAs.