Preparation of a novel iron-based biochar composite for removal of hexavalent chromium in water

The chitosan-stabilized ferrous sulfide nanoparticles were loaded on biochar to prepare a composite material FeS-CS-BC for effective removal of hexavalent chromium in water. BC and FeS-CS-BC were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of Cr(VI) by FeS-CS-BC(FeS:CS:BC?=?2:2:1) reached 98.34%, which was significantly higher than that of BC (44.58%) and FeS (79.91%). In the pH range of 2–10, the removal of Cr(VI) by FeS-CS-BC was almost independent of pH. The limitation of coexisting anions (Cl^?、SO₄^2?、NO₃^?) on Cr(VI) removal was not too obvious. The removal of Cr(VI) by FeS-CS-BC was fitted with the pseudo-second-order dynamics, which was a hybrid chemical-adsorption reaction. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis result showed that Cr(VI) was reduced, and the reduced Cr(VI) was fixed on the surface of the material in the form of Cr(VI)–Fe(III).

Removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater by FeS-CS-BC composite synthesized by impregnation.

     

燃煤过程中微量元素砷和硒形态转化的热力学平衡模拟

砷和硒是煤中的易挥发有毒微量元素。由于砷和硒在燃煤烟气中的浓度极低以及实验条件的限制 ,目前化学热力学平衡分析已成为预报烟气中砷和硒等有毒元素形态分布的主要理论分析方法。本文综述了热力学平衡分析方法应用于砷和硒在燃煤过程中形态转化和平衡分布等方面的研究进展。首先用于热力学平衡分析的是只含有砷或硒一种微量元素和煤中主量元素及氯元素的简单体系 ,并假设烟气中只有理想气体组成的气相和纯凝聚相的理想模型。然而是否考虑砷和硒与其他微量、主量或次量元素的相互作用 ,砷和硒所有可能存在的反应 ,以及在熔融相砷和硒与熔融物的结合会严重地影响模型的预报结果 ,因此 ,目前热力学平衡体系已发展成为含有包括砷和硒在内的多个微量元素和煤中所有主量、次量元素 ,以及包括熔融相在内的非理想多相复杂体系     

螺旋状中空纤维膜吸收器脱硫性能的研究

用自组装的膜吸收器试验研究了不同操作条件下的烟气脱硫特性。实验结果表明，脱硫过程传质阻力主要集中在气相和膜上，利用螺旋管技术可以强化气相的传质。     

天然气引射调峰系统的噪声形成及其治理研究

采用天然气引射调峰技术，能使上海某储配站10台天然气高压球罐的储气调峰能率提高68％，大大有助于解决天然气用气高峰时的供需平衡问题，并能节约初投资人民币1亿元。但使用超音速引射器后，当球罐压力下降到某一值时会产生高频噪声，影响管束区操作环境。本文分析了噪声产生的原因．提出了合理的噪声治理方案，并进行了方案的实施。实践证明：噪声治理效果良好，降低了管束区噪声污染，达到了国家“工业企业噪声卫生标准”。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理技术改造实例分析

综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的物理化学、生物、土地处理等技术。对某地已投入使用的垃圾填埋场渗滤液的生物处理设施技术改造进行了较详细的分析探讨。     

Evolution and kinetics of volatile organic compounds generated during low-temperature polymer degradation

A method using direct flame ionization detector (FID) measurement was developed to study total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions during thermal degradation of polymers. This method was used to estimate organic emissions from different polymers, such as low-density polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and commingled postconsumer streams, such as recycled carpet residue and auto shredder residue (ASR). The effects of process parameters, such as temperature, heating rate, and residence time, were also studied. Significant VOC emissions were observed at normal processing temperatures, particularly from recycled polymers. Each polymer showed a distinct evolution pattern during its thermal degradation. The kinetics of VOC emissions were also studied using a nonisothermal technique. The kinetic parameters were in agreement with data from the literature.     

采用生物发光检测法进行Ames试验的研究

将自行构建的含有青海弧菌荧光酶基因的质粒pACYCL184引入Ames试验的4个菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102中,构建成能够生物发光的工程菌,分别命名为TAL97、TAL98、TAL100、TAL102.实验表明,该4株工程菌保持原出发菌株所具有的与Ames试验相关的性状,对各类致突变剂有良好的反应,且可用平皿计数法进行致突变试验.其发光值与致突变剂浓度存在良好的量效关系,故可用发光检测取代原Ames试验的平皿计数,使检测更简单、方便、快速.图3表3参11     

土壤和叶际微生物对啶虫脒的降解作用

深入研究了土壤、叶际原位和叶际可培养微生物对啶虫脒的降解作用及各条件下降解效果的差异.结果表明,不同环境下的微生物对啶虫脒有不同程度的降解效果.原位叶际微生物对啶虫脒降解影响的程度较小,在灭菌处理与对照叶面中啶虫脒的半衰期分别为8 1 d和6 6d.相对而言,土壤和叶际分离培养微生物对啶虫脒降解作用更加显著,在自然土壤和灭菌土壤中啶虫脒的降解半衰期分别为5.0 d和39.6d,相差为8倍;和原位叶际微生物相比,在油菜叶培养基中微生物的生物量大幅度提高,同时,对啶虫脒的降解效果也更加显著;在灭菌处理的豆叶培养基中(CK),啶虫脒42d的降解率为16.5%,相同时间内非灭菌处理的叶际分离微生物降解率高达95%,其降解速率与培养基中的微生物量呈正相关性,叶际和土壤中都存在能降解啶虫脒的微生物.     

不同类型机动车尾气中的多环芳烃含量分析

采用底盘测功机模拟汽车的加速、减速、匀速和怠速过程,采集了机动车排放的尾气,并对尾气中颗粒态物质和气态物质的多环芳烃含量进行了分析,结果表明,柴油车和汽油车无论在何种工况下,尾气中低环多环芳烃在气态物质中的含量都要高于在颗粒态物质中的含量;中环多环芳烃在气态物质中和颗粒态物质中的含量相接近;高环多环芳烃在颗粒态物质中的含量要高于气态物质中的含量.机动车尾气中PAHs的苯并[a]芘等效致癌浓度(BaPE)在0.558～5,684之间,BaPE/BaP比值在2.029～8.413之间.即BaP以外的多环芳烃贡献了相当于103%～741%BaP浓度的等效致癌毒性;尾气中气态物质和颗粒态物质的PAHs总量和苯并[a]芘含量的回归分析表明两者之间存在着较好的线性关系,其可决系数分别为0.8343和0.7158.     

大理市环境质量现状及生态城市建设对策

对大理环境质量包括水环境、大气环境、降水酸度、声环境等进行了总结,认为工业、机动车、居民生活及旅游客流量等原因造成环境污染.提出了相对应解决的策略.