全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1334篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 38篇 |
废物处理 | 64篇 |
环保管理 | 133篇 |
综合类 | 134篇 |
基础理论 | 252篇 |
环境理论 | 3篇 |
污染及防治 | 500篇 |
评价与监测 | 129篇 |
社会与环境 | 96篇 |
灾害及防治 | 5篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 33篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 27篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 149篇 |
2012年 | 99篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 63篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 85篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 78篇 |
2005年 | 49篇 |
2004年 | 45篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 52篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1354条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
541.
Irati Legorburu José Germán Rodríguez Victoriano Valencia Oihana Solaun Ángel Borja Esmeralda Millán 《Chemistry and Ecology》2014,30(8):701-718
This contribution characterises the sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of the Basque coast (Bay of Biscay). Different source characterisation approaches (i.e. GIS assisted-chemometrics, PAH diagnostic ratios and analyses of composition profiles) were used in combination to successfully identify the factors determining the origin and distribution of PAHs. Urban/industrial combustion processes were identified as the main PAH source. However, the analysis of PAH composition patterns and diagnostic ratios identified secondary natural and petrogenic PAH sources on small spatial scales. The median ∑18PAH concentration ranged from 66 μg kg?1 (d.w.) to 7021 μg kg?1 (d.w.). The Ibaizabal estuary, which supports most of the anthropogenic pressure in the region (i.e. urban development, industrialisation, commercial and recreational harbours), also showed the highest PAH concentrations. On the shelf, human activities, hydrodynamic conditions and geomorphological features led to spatial differences in the PAH concentrations among sectors: the offshore and west sectors were characterised by higher concentrations, while the lowest values were found in the mid and east sectors. The results enhance the knowledge on PAH-related contamination processes and could be used to support the environmental assessment process required under current European marine legislation. 相似文献
542.
Carlos Rosano-Peña Patricia Guarnieri André Luiz Marques Serrano Herbert Kimura 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2014,21(3):210-222
The social and environmental impacts caused by the modernization of Brazilian agribusiness have evoked a growing interest in the search of balance between social-economics development and the adequate use of natural resources, driving the country to sustainable development. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to estimate a set of indicators of relative efficiency in the Brazilian agricultural sector, which satisfy the concept of Pareto optimality, potentiates simultaneously both economic, ecological dimensions and social functions. To reach this purpose, the method of directional distance functions and data envelopment analysis was applied. These indicators confirm, in different ways, the hypothesis that it is possible to perform consistent productive strategies with the maximization of social welfare, despite the apparent antagonism among these three dimensions. In addition, it is shown that efficient Brazilian states tend to combine the three dimensions in different ways. Hence, it can be concluded that several equilibrium taken sustainable can be achieved through different actions on poverty and environmental impact reduction without necessarily generating productive inefficiencies. This result can be considered of prominent importance for sustainable development in Brazil and can also serve as a reference in the definition of goals of the plan ‘Brazil without Misery’ and international commitments to reduce Greenhouse Gas – GHG – in Brazil, especially for the 17 inefficient Brazilian states. 相似文献
543.
Lodeiro Pablo Martínez-Cabanas María Herrero Roberto Barriada José L. Vilariño Teresa Rodríguez-Barro Pilar Sastre de Vicente Manuel E. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1281-1298
Environmental Chemistry Letters - A broad variety of materials of biological origin have been successfully used in recent decades for the removal of pollutants from waters. These biosorbents... 相似文献
544.
Ribé V Nehrenheim E Odlare M Gustavsson L Berglind R Forsberg A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(10):1886-1894
When selecting a landfill leachate treatment method the contaminant composition of the leachate should be considered in order to obtain the most cost-effective treatment option. In this study the filter material pine bark was evaluated as a treatment for five landfill leachates originating from different cells of the same landfill in Sweden. The objective of the study was to determine the uptake, or release, of metals and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during a leaching test using the pine bark filter material with the five different landfill leachates. Furthermore the change of toxicity after treatment was studied using a battery of aquatic bioassays assessing luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) acute toxicity (30-min Microtox®), immobility of the crustacean Daphnia magna, growth inhibition of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the aquatic plant Lemna minor; and genotoxicity with the bacterial Umu-C assay. The results from the toxicity tests and the chemical analysis were analyzed in a Principal Component Analysis and the toxicity of the samples before and after treatment was evaluated in a toxicity classification. The pine bark filter material reduced the concentrations of metal contaminants from the landfill leachates in the study, with some exceptions for Cu and Cd. The Zn uptake of the filter was high for heavily contaminated leachates (≥73%), although some desorption of zinc occurred in less contaminated waters. Some of the leachates may require further treatment due to discharge into a natural recipient in order to reduce the risk of possible biological effects. The difference in pH changes between the different leachates was probably due to variations in buffering capacity, affected by physicochemical properties of the leachate. The greatest desorption of phenol during filtration occurred in leachates with high conductivity or elevated levels of metals or salts. Generally, the toxicity classification of the leachates implies that although filter treatment with pine bark removes metal contaminants from the leachates effectively, it does not alter leachate toxicity noticeably. The leachates with the highest conductivity, pH and metal concentrations are most strongly correlated with an increased toxic response in the score plots of both untreated and treated leachates. This is in line with the toxicity classification of the leachate samples. The results from this study highlight the importance of evaluating treatment efficiency from the perspective of potential recipient effects, rather than in terms of residual concentrations of individual contaminants when treating waters with a complex contamination matrix, such as landfill leachates. 相似文献
545.
Xia Y Massé DI McAllister TA Beaulieu C Ungerfeld E 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(3):404-409
Biogas production from anaerobic digestion of chicken feathers with swine manure or slaughterhouse sludge was assessed in two separate experiments. Ground feathers without any pre-treatment were added to 42-L digesters inoculated with swine manure or slaughterhouse sludge, representing 37% and 23% of total solids, respectively and incubated at 25 °C in batch mode. Compared to the control without feather addition, total CH4 production increased by 130% (P < 0.001) and 110% (P = 0.09) in the swine manure and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters, respectively. Mixed liquor NH4N concentration increased (P < 0.001) from 4.8 and 3.1 g/L at the beginning of the digestion to 6.9 and 3.5 g/L at the end of digestion in the swine manure and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters, respectively. The fraction of proteolytic microorganisms increased (P < 0.001) during the digestion from 12.5% to 14.5% and 11.3% to 13.0% in the swine manure and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters with feather addition, respectively, but decreased in the controls. These results are reflective of feather digestion. Feather addition did not affect CH4 yields of the swine manure digesters (P = 0.082) and the slaughterhouse sludge digesters (P = 0.21), indicating that feathers can be digested together with swine manure or slaughterhouse sludge without negatively affecting the digestion of swine manure and slaughterhouse sludge. 相似文献
546.
In aquatic environments, many prey rely on chemosensory information from injured (alarm cues) or stressed conspecifics (disturbance
cues) to assess predation risk. Alarm cues are considered as a sign of higher risk than disturbance cues. These cues could
be used by prey to learn potential new predators. In this study, we tested whether Iberian green frog tadpoles (Pelophylax perezi) exhibited antipredator responses to alarm and disturbance cues of conspecifics and whether tadpoles could associate new
predators with alarm or disturbance cues. Tadpoles reduced their activity in the presence of disturbance cues, but only weakly
when compared with their response to alarm cues. Also, tadpoles learned to recognize new predators from association with alarm
or disturbance cues. However, the period of retention of the learned association was shorter for disturbance than alarm cues.
Our results indicate that tadpoles are able to modify their antipredatory behavior according to (1) the degree of risk implied
by the experimental cues (2) their previous experience of chemical cues of the predator. 相似文献
547.
Norbert Gonzalez-Flesca André Cicolella Matthew Bates Emmanuelle Bastin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):95-102
There is a lack of data for health risk assessment of long term personal exposure to certain ubiquitous air pollutants present particularly in urban atmospheres. The relationship between ambient background concentrations and personal exposure is often unknown. A pilot campaign to measure indoor concentrations, outdoor concentrations and personal exposure to benzene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was conducted in a medium sized French town. A strong contribution to total personal exposure was observed from indoor sources, especially for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, suggesting that indoor sources are dominant for these compounds. For benzene, the average personal exposure exceeded a 10 μgm?3 limit value, although this was not the case for the ambient background concentration. For formaldehyde, the limit level was also exceeded. Observations suggest that true personal exposure cannot be determined directly from measurements pertaining from fixed ambient background monitoring stations. It is hoped that this will be taken into consideration by the bodies responsible for monitoring air pollution and the future European Air Quality Directive. 相似文献
548.
Ronaldo Sousa Tadeusz Zając Dariusz Halabowski Olga V. Aksenova Yulia V. Bespalaya Francisco Carvalho Paulo Castro Karel Douda Janine P. da Silva Noé Ferreira-Rodríguez Juergen Geist Clemens Gumpinger Anna M. Labecka Jasna Lajtner Iga Lewin Manuel Lopes-Lima Alexandra Meira Keiko Nakamura Joana Garrido Nogueira Paz Ondina Małgorzata Ożgo Joaquim Reis Nicoletta Riccardi Spase Shumka Mikhail O. Son Amílcar Teixeira Frankie Thielen Maria Urbańska Simone Varandas Niklas Wengström Katarzyna Zając Alexandra Zieritz David C. Aldridge 《Conservation biology》2023,37(2):e13994
Europe has a long history of human pressure on freshwater ecosystems. As pressure continues to grow and new threats emerge, there is an urgent need for conservation of freshwater biodiversity and its ecosystem services. However, whilst some taxonomic groups, mainly vertebrates, have received a disproportionate amount of attention and funds, other groups remain largely off the public and scientific radar. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida) are an alarming example of this conservation bias and here we point out six conceptual areas that need immediate and long-term attention: knowledge, threats, socioeconomics, conservation, governance and education. The proposed roadmap aims to advance research, policy and education by identifying the most pressing priorities for the short- and long-term conservation of freshwater mussels across Europe. 相似文献
549.
Karimi Mohsen Shirzad Mohammad Silva José A. C. Rodrigues Alírio E. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(4):2041-2084
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Rising adverse impact of climate change caused by anthropogenic activities is calling for advanced methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Here, we... 相似文献
550.
Abdouramani Dadjé Janvier Domra Kana Réné Tchinda 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2016,9(4):224-239
To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, maximum power point (MPP) tracking of the solar arrays is needed. Under partially shaded conditions (PSCs), the solar arrays power–current (P–I) characteristic has multiple MPP. This paper presents various methods and approaches of tracking the MPP from a PV generator operating under PSC. Some comparisons, advantages, drawbacks and critical analysis of each method are discussed. It was found that, indirect methods use empirical data or mathematical expressions of numerical approximations to estimate the MPP from the PV generator’s voltage, current and irradiance. Direct methods offer the advantage of obtaining the actual maximum power from the PV generator’s voltage and current. Artificial intelligence methods do not need exact mathematical models. They can perform under parameter variation, load and supply voltage disturbances. Finally, novel methods require less number of iterations to converge, independent to the initial conditions. All these algorithms can be included in some of the DC/DC converters and MPP trackers for stand-alone or grid-connected systems. 相似文献