氮输入对三江湿地小叶章不同生长阶段土壤产生CH_4能力的影响

在小叶章(Deyeuxia angustifolia)不同生长阶段,用室内鲜土培养法对土壤CH4的产生能力进行了研究.结果表明,氮输入后,植物各生长阶段的土壤CH4产生率均随时间的推移发生了明显的波动.从生长季(6月7日～8月24日)CH4产生率均值来看,不同氮输入水平对土壤CH4产生起促进作用;不同氮输入水平对植物不同生长阶段CH4产生率影响明显.第一(6月7日～7月2日)、第二(7月2日～7月20日)阶段适量的氮输入(6g.m-2)对CH4产生起促进作用,但过量氮输入(12g.m-2)会对CH4产生起抑制作用;而第三(7月20日～8月7日)、第四(8月7日～8月24日)阶段不同氮输入均对CH4产生起促进作用;氮输入后,土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物量氮(MBN)、土壤基础呼吸(BR)、土壤代谢熵(qCO2)、土壤诱导呼吸(SIR)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)和植物地上生物量与土壤CH4产生的动态关系存在差异.土壤CH4产生与qCO2呈显著正相关(p0.01),与土壤MBN、TOC和地上生物量呈显著正相关(p0.05).     

Bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China

A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in cole (Brassica campestris L.) and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3). However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increased significantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3). The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high concentrations. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-concentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cole and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.     

PCDD/F removal at low temperatures over vanadium-based catalyst: insight into the superiority of mechanochemical method

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The high toxicity and low volatility of PCDD/Fs prevent detailed study of their catalytic degradation removal characteristics. In this study,...     

Experimental research on atomization process and dust reduction performance of swirl pressure nozzle

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, experimental studies on atomization process and dust reduction performance of four swirl nozzles with different inlet/outlet diameter...     

免耕和秸秆覆盖对农田土壤温室气体排放的影响

农业土壤是重要的温室气体排放源,各种农业措施对温室气体排放产生重要的影响。免耕和秸秆覆盖作为两种重要的保护性耕作措施正在被越来越广泛的应用,但是其对土壤温室气体排放的影响还不明确,结果存在分歧。通过对免耕和秸秆覆盖措施下农田三种主要的温室气体（CO2、CH4和N2O）排放的相关研究进行对比分析,探讨两种保护性农业措施对温室气体排放的影响。研究表明,免耕减少土壤干扰,增加团聚体的稳定性,有利于难分解碳的形成,减少土壤CO2排放;与常规耕作相比,免耕有利于CH4氧化,增强甲烷氧化菌活性,降低CH4排放;免耕对N2O排放的影响与气候类型和土壤性质有密切的相关关系,在干燥的气候条件下,免耕增加通气条件差的土壤的N2O排放,对通气好的土壤影响不大。而在湿润的气候条件下,不同的土壤性质结论不一致。秸秆覆盖增加土壤CO2排放,并随着秸秆覆盖量的增加而增大;秸秆覆盖对CH4排放的影响有很大的不确定性,与覆盖方式和覆盖秸秆性质有密切联系;大部分研究认为秸秆覆盖增加N2O排放,但也有研究认为秸秆覆盖对N2O排放无影响或降低N2O排放量,秸秆覆盖对N2O排放机理复杂,需要进一步研究。通过综述发现随着保护性农业措施的推广,大量的研究集中在其对作物产量、土壤水分利用率、土壤性质等方面的研究;而保护性农业措施对温室气体排放的研究相对较少,特别是对三种温室气体的综合影响研究并不多见。因此,需结合不同土地类型,开展不同气候类型下免耕和秸秆覆盖对三种主要温室气体排放影响的综合研究,预测增温潜势,为不同气候带保护性农业措施下温室气体排放提供基础数据,并为制定合理的耕作和秸秆覆盖措施提供理论支持。运用同位素示踪等新技术明确秸秆覆盖对温室气体排放的直接和间接贡献率,结合不同研究区?     

基于模糊数学的太原市敦化灌区污灌土壤重金属污染评价

采用原子吸收和原子荧光分光光度法测定了太原市敦化污灌区95个表层土壤样品的8种重金属含量,并对污灌土壤的pH值、阳离子交换量、容重等理化性质进行分析,在此基础上采用模糊数学方法评价了其土壤环境质量,探讨了灌区土壤重金属的分布特征及污染状况.结果表明,土壤重金属砷、铜、锌、镍、汞、铬和铅含量值都在国家二级标准值范围内,平均含量分别为6.165,39.198,114.758,37.225,0.171,28.249和37.468mg·kg-1,重金属镉的含量高于国家二级标准值,平均含量高达1.247mg·kg-1;敦化灌区土壤的平均pH值为8.01,属弱碱性土壤,平均阳离子交换量为80.96cmol·kg-1,表层土壤有机质含量在1.27%—2.18%之间;模糊数学评价结果得到灌区土壤环境质量为三级水平,各个采样点的污染程度为董家营村西西谷乡东王答乡南孟封镇北鹅池村南。     

3种水生植物腐解过程中磷营养物质迁移、转化过程研究

室内模拟沉水植物狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum L)、浮水植物菱角(Trapa bispinosa Roxb)、挺水植物荷花(Lotus flower)在5.7 g·L~(-1)初始生物量密度下的腐解过程,并探究该过程中磷营养物质迁移、转化规律.结果发现,3种植物腐解速率在第2 d上升至最大值(分别为1.075、1.455、1.16 g·d~(-1))后出现下降-上升-下降的变化规律,并且在整个腐解周期内种间差异性显著(p0.01),造成整个腐解周期内狐尾藻、菱角、荷花3种植物平均磷释放速率分别为0.456、0.670、0.537 mg·g~(-1),且以无机磷酸盐为主;水中释放的磷在底泥吸附及其自身沉降等作用下,明显向底泥迁移转化,水中磷含量下降,最终在试验结束时恢复至初始水平(0.5 mg·L~(-1));该研究可为湖泊水生植被系统的修复或重建提供科学参考.     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of cell abundance, colony size and intracellular toxin concentrations of pelagic and benthic Microcystis in Lake Caohai, China

Lake Caohai has experienced extensive Microcystis blooms in recent years,and to improve its water quality,the local government carried out a series of water control measures.To better understand the dynamics of both pelagic and benthic Microcystis and their characteristics in Lake Caohai,we conducted a 1-year investigation from December 2015to December 2016 to gain a seasonal outlook on the distribution and dynamics of cell abundance,colony size and intracellular microcystins(MCs)of Microcystis.The results indicated that the Microcystis bloom occupied primarily the northeastern region and then moved gradually from lakeshore to lake center.The perennial southwesterly winds and the water inflow from northeast to southwest in Lake Caohai determined the spatiotemporal distribution of pelagic Microcystis.Benthic Microcystis was mainly distributed in the northeastern region in summer,occupied the lake center in autumn and then occupied the southeastern region in winter,determined by the sedimentation of pelagic Microcystis and the death of benthic Microcystis.Small colonies(20-60μm)overwintered more easily in both water column and sediment.The concentrations of intracellular toxin of benthic Microcystis were observed to be significantly higher than those of pelagic Microcystis.This might be because Microcystis synthesized large amount of MCs to acclimate to an unfavorable benthic environment.This knowledge on the dynamics of Microcystis expands our understanding of mechanisms underpinning the formation of Microcystis blooms.     

黄河流域生态服务价值与经济协调发展的时空演化研究

厘清黄河流域生态现状,分析生态系统服务时空演化特征及与经济协调发展情况,对提升区域经济协调发展具有重要意义。基于黄河流域9省区2000—2020年土地利用数据及国民经济发展数据,测算生态系统服务价值及经济与生态环境协调指数,揭示黄河流域生态系统服务价值时空演化特征及与经济协调发展关系,结果表明：（1）2000—2020年黄河流域全域生态服务价值（ESV）持续增长,由2000年的7020.74亿元增长到2020年的25598.24亿元;（2）研究期内,黄河流域经济与生态协调发展存在显著空间相关性,且人类活动及土地利用方式对生态系统服务价值影响较大,高度冲突区逐渐集中于上游青海省、四川省、甘肃省等经济欠发达地区和下游河南省、山东省等人类干扰密度较高的地区;（3）研究区经济与生态环境协调发展空间分布不均衡,2000—2020年空间集聚态势逐步加大,且冲突区面积远大于协调区,中下游及下游区域两极分化现象明显;（4）研究区内不同区域资源禀赋与生态环境差异较大,要因地制宜,找出不同区域适合自身发展的路径,综合推动黄河流域经济发展与生态环境保护的耦合协调发展。     

The spatial impact of digital economy on energy intensity in China in the context of double carbon to achieve the sustainable development goals

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Using the provincial panel data of China during 2012–2019, the present study employed spatial Durbin error model to explore the spatial effect...