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901.
X.R. Guo S.Y. Cheng D.S. Chen Y. Zhou H.Y. Wang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(28):3369-3377
Valuation of health effects of air pollution is becoming a critical component of the performance of cost–benefit analysis of pollution control measures, which provides a basis for setting priorities for action. Beijing has focused on control of transport emission as vehicular emissions have recently become an important source of air pollution, particularly during Olympic games and Post-games. In this paper, we conducted an estimation of health effects and economic cost caused by road transport-related air pollution using an integrated assessment approach which utilizes air quality model, engineering, epidemiology, and economics. The results show that the total economic cost of health impacts due to air pollution contributed from transport in Beijing during 2004–2008 was 272, 297, 310, 323, 298 million US$ (mean value), respectively. The economic costs of road transport accounted for 0.52, 0.57, 0.60, 0.62, and 0.58% of annual Beijing GDP from 2004 to 2008. Average cost per vehicle and per ton of PM10 emission from road transport can also be estimated as 106 US $/number and 3584 US $ t?1, respectively. These findings illustrate that the impact of road transport contributed particulate air pollution on human health could be substantial in Beijing, whether in physical and economic terms. Therefore, some control measures to reduce transport emissions could lead to considerable economic benefit. 相似文献
902.
Anna Giovanetti Sergey Fesenko Lisbet D. Asencio 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(6):509-516
The accumulations of both natural (U) and depleted (DU) uranium in the earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were studied to evaluate corresponding biological effects. Concentrations of metals in the experimental soil ranged from 1.86 to 600 mg kg−1. Five biological endpoints: mortality, animals’ weight increasing, lysosomal membrane stability by measuring the neutral red retention time (the NRRT), histological changes and genetic effects (Comet assay) were used to evaluate biological effects in the earthworms after 7 and 28 days of exposure. No effects have been observed in terms of mortality or weight reduction. Cytotoxic and genetic effects were identified at quite low U concentrations. For some of these endpoints, in particular for genetic effects, the dose (U concentration)-effect relationships have been found to be non-linear. The results have also shown a statistically significant higher level of impact on the earthworms exposed to natural U compared to depleted U. 相似文献
903.
Jesús Barreiro-Hurlé María Espinosa-Goded Pierre Dupraz 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2010,53(7):891-905
Agri-environmental schemes (AES) are the main policy instrument currently available in the EU to promote environmentally-friendly farming practices. However, the rate of adoption of these measures is still relatively low in southern Europe, and understanding how these rates can be increased is still an open issue. The goal of this paper is to increase that understanding by testing whether the factors which determine AES sign-up decisions are influenced by the intensity of change in farming practices that are brought about by adopting the scheme. A micro-economic model reflecting farmer AES sign-up decisions is proposed and applied to two schemes in Spain respectively requiring major or minor intensity of change in practices by surveying farmers eligible for both schemes. The results show that farm structural factors play a role when major practice change is required by the scheme, yet when dealing with minor change, individual farmer characteristics play a more determining role. Social capital and farmer attitude are important factors in both the AES surveyed. Therefore, it may be concluded that improving agronomic design would be an important tool to improve farmer participation in AES where major change is involved, whereas improved targeting and extension would help uptake for AES involving a lesser degree of change. 相似文献
904.
N. Jane Harms Graham D. Fairhurst 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):841-848
In the Athabasca oil sands region of northern Alberta, mining companies are evaluating reclamation using constructed wetlands for integration of tailings. From May to July 2008, reproductive performance of 40 breeding pairs of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), plus growth and survival of nestlings, was measured on three reclaimed wetlands on two oil sands leases. A subset of nestlings was examined for i) feather corticosterone levels, ii) delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and iii) innate immune function. Nestlings on one of two wetlands created with oil sands process affected material (OSPM) were heavier and had greater wing-lengths, and mounted a stronger delayed-type hypersensitivity response compared those on the reference wetland. Corticosterone was significantly higher in male nestlings on one of two OSPM-containing wetland compared to the reference wetland. Body condition of 12-day-old female nestlings was inversely related to feather corticosterone. Under ideal weather conditions, reclaimed wetlands can support healthy populations of aerially-insectivorous birds. 相似文献
905.
E. Lombi D.P. Stevens M.J. McLaughlin 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2110-2116
Water treatment residuals (WTRs) are produced by the treatment of potable water with coagulating agents. Beneficial recycling in agriculture is hampered by the fact that WTRs contain potentially toxic contaminants (e.g. copper and aluminium) and they bind phosphorus strongly. These issues were investigated using a plant bioassay (Lactuca sativa), chemical extractions and an isotopic dilution technique. Two WTRs were applied to an acidic and a neutral pH soil at six rates. Reductions in plant growth in amended soils were due to WTR-induced P deficiency, rather than Al or Cu toxicity. The release of potentially toxic Al from WTRs was found to be mitigated by their alkaline nature and pH buffering capacity. However, acidification of WTRs was shown to release more soluble Al than soil naturally high in Al. Copper availability was relatively low in all treatments. However, the lability of WTR-Cu increased when the WTR was applied to the soil. 相似文献
906.
Kheirghadam Enayatzamir Hossein A. Alikhani Bagher Yakhchali Fatemeh Tabandeh Susana Rodríguez-Couto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):145-153
Background, aim and scope
Because of high discharged volumes and effluent composition, wastewater from the textile industry can be considered as the most polluting amongst all industrial sectors, thus greatly requiring appropriate treatment technologies. Although some abiotic methods for the reduction of several dyes exist, these require highly expensive catalysts and reagents. Biotechnological approaches were proven to be potentially effective in the treatment of this pollution source in an eco-efficient manner. The white-rot fungi are, so far, the most efficient microorganisms in degrading synthetic dyes. This white-rot fungi’s property is due to the production of extracellular lignin-modifying enzymes, which are able to degrade a wide range of xenobiotic compounds because of their low substrate specificity. In this paper, we studied the ability of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilised into Ca-alginate beads to decolourise different recalcitrant azo dyes such as Direct Violet 51 (DV), Reactive Black 5 (RB), Ponceau Xylidine (PX) and Bismark Brown R (BB) in successive batch cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the immobilisation of P. chrysosporium into Ca-alginate beads for its application in dye decolouration. 相似文献907.
Pérez-Parada A González J Pareja L Geis-Asteggiante L Colazzo M Niell S Besil N González G Cesio V Heinzen H 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2010,45(8):796-803
In order to evaluate the extraction of pesticide residues that are transferred to the brew during mate drinking process of P.U.1 yerba mate leaves (Ilex paraguariensis), a special device to simulate the way in which mate is drunk in Uruguay was developed. The transfer to the brew of 12 organophosphates, 5 synthethic pyrethroids and one organochlorine pesticide from spiked samples was studied. The relationship between the transfer data thus obtained and physicochemical properties like water solubility (Ws), octanol-water coefficient (Kow) and Henry's constant (H) was evaluated. The extractability of the pesticide residues from yerba mate can be correlated with log Ws and log Kow. These transfer values allowed the calculation of ARLs (acceptable residue level) for the pesticides following Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organizaion (WHO) guidelines. These results can help the future establishment of maximum residue levels (MRLs). 相似文献
908.
Virender K. Sharma Nigel J. D. Graham Xiang-Zhong Li Bao-Ling Yuan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(2):453-461
Background, aim and scope
Photocatalytic oxidation using UV irradiation of TiO2 has been studied extensively and has many potential industrial applications, including the degradation of recalcitrant contaminants in water and wastewater treatment. A limiting factor in the oxidation process is the recombination of conduction band electrons (e − cb) with electron holes (hvb+) on the irradiated TiO2 surface; thus, in aqueous conditions, the presence of an effective electron scavenger will be beneficial to the efficiency of the oxidation process. Ferrate (FeO42−) has received much recent attention as a water treatment chemical since it behaves simultaneously as an oxidant and coagulant. The combination of ferrate [Fe(VI)] with UV/TiO2 photocatalysis offers an oxidation synergism arising from the Fe(VI) scavenging of e − cb and the corresponding beneficial formation of Fe(V) from the Fe(VI) reduction. This paper reviews recent studies concerning the photocatalytic oxidation of problematic pollutants with and without ferrate. 相似文献909.
Kärrman Anna Domingo José L. Llebaria Xavier Nadal Martí Bigas Esther van Bavel Bert Lindström Gunilla 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):750-758
Background, aim and scope
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are global environmental pollutants that bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans. Laboratory experiments have revealed toxic effects such as delayed development, humoral suppression, and hepatotoxicity. Although numerous human blood levels have been reported, little is known about distribution in the human body. Knowledge about PFC distribution and accumulation in the human body is crucial to understanding uptake and subsequent effects as well as to conduct risk assessments. The present study reports PFC levels in human liver and breast milk from a general population living in Catalonia, Spain. Liver and milk levels are compared to previously reported levels in blood from the same geographic area as well as to other existing reports on human liver and milk levels in other countries. 相似文献910.
An assessment of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was conducted to characterize the ecological recovery of a channelized
main stem and two small tributaries at the Watershed Research and Education Center (WREC, Arkansas, USA). Three other headwater
streams in the same basin were also sampled as controls and for biological reference information. A principal components analysis
produced stream groupings along an overall gradient of physical habitat integrity, with degraded reaches showing lower RBP
habitat scores, reduced flow velocities, smaller substrate sizes, greater conductivity, and higher percentages of sand and
silt substrate. The benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage at WREC was dominated by fast-reproducing dipteran larvae (midge
and mosquito larvae) and physid snails, which comprised 71.3% of the total macroinvertebrate abundance over three sampling
periods. Several macroinvertebrate assemblage metrics should provide effective targets for monitoring overall improvements
in the invertebrate assemblage including recovery towards a more complex food web (e.g., total number of taxa, number of EPT
taxa, percent 2 dominant taxa). However, current habitat conditions and the extent of existing degradation, system isolation
and surrounding urban or agricultural land-uses might affect the level of positive change to the system. We therefore suggest
a preliminary restoration strategy involving the addition of pool habitats in the system. At one pool we collected a total
of 29 taxa (dominated by water beetle predators), which was 59% of total number of taxa collected at WREC. Maintaining water-retentive
pools to collect flows and maintain water permanence focuses on enhancing known biology and habitat, thus reducing the effects
of abiotic filters on macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery. Furthermore, biological assessment prior to restoration supports
a strategy primarily focused on improving the existing macroinvertebrate community in the current context of the system, thereby
reducing costs associated with active channel restoration. Monitoring future biological recovery and determining the contribution
of changing assemblages to specific ecological processes would provide a critical underpinning for adaptive management and
ecologically-effective restoration. 相似文献