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61.
Fishery resource management in Chilika lagoon: a study on coastal conservation in the Eastern Coast of India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A significant proportion of the fishing population comprises small-scale fishermen and many studies illustrate that these
people are exploited by middlemen in the process of fish marketing combined with money lending. The negative dependency gives
rise to poverty and triggers indiscriminate fish catch that threatens fishery resources depletion. This article explores the
root causes of failures in resource-led development from the viewpoint of coastal resource conservation. The study presents
a case study of Chilika lagoon, India and focuses on the interaction between small-scale fishermen and middlemen. The findings
reveal that most of the small-scale fishermen have been exploited by specific middlemen and the underlying causes of the present
fish marketing structure stem from (i) indebtedness and (ii) the unstable situation because of perpetual conflicts over fishery
resources among the fishers across Chilika lagoon. Based on these observations, this article presents some recommendations
on fishery resource conservation from the perspective of a fish marketing structure.
相似文献
Rajib ShawEmail: |
62.
Pectenotoxins--an issue for public health: a review of their comparative toxicology and metabolism. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Pectenotoxins (PTXs) are a group of toxins associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and isolated from DSP toxin-producing dinoflagellate algae. Consumption of shellfish contaminated with PTXs has been associated with incidences of severe diarrhetic illness resulting in hospitalisation. Concern has been raised for public health following the discovery that these toxins are not only hepatotoxic and can cause diarrhetic effects in mammals, but that they are potently cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines and have been found to be tumour promoters in animals. With advances in knowledge and technology, more PTXs are being identified, but little is known of their toxicology and the potential impact these toxins may have on public health in the long term. Without such information, adequate health-risk assessments for the consumption of shellfish contaminated with PTXs cannot be performed. This review gives a brief introduction to diarrhetic shellfish toxins, details the known toxicology and metabolism of PTXs in animals, and discusses known incidences of PTX poisoning in humans. 相似文献
63.
64.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (US ACE) used the Triad approach to expedite site characterization of contaminated soil at the Former Small Arms Evergreen Infiltration Training Range in Fort Lewis, Washington. The characterization was designed to determine if surface soils contain significant concentrations of metals, with the focus on collecting sufficient data for determining appropriate future actions (i.e., risk analysis or soil remediation). A dynamic sampling and analytical strategy based on rapid field‐based analytical methods was created in order to streamline site activities and save resources while increasing confidence in remediation decisions. Concurrent analysis of soil samples during the demonstration of method applicability (DMA) used both field portable X‐ray fluorescence (FPXRF) and laboratory methodologies to establish a correlation between FPXRF and laboratory data. Immediately following the DMA, contaminated soil from the impact berm was delineated by collecting both FPXRF data and fixed laboratory confirmation samples. The combined data set provided analytical results that allowed for revisions to the conceptual site model for the range and directed additional sample collection activities to more clearly determine the extent and distribution of soil contamination. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
65.
The US Army Land Condition-Trend Analysis (LCTA) program is a standardized method of data collection, analysis, and reporting
designed to meet multiple goals and objectives. The method utilizes vascular plant inventories, permanent field plot data,
and wildlife inventories. Vascular plant inventories are used for environmental documentation, training of personnel, species
identification during LCTA implementation, and as a survey for state and federal endangered or threatened species. The permanent
field plot data documents the vegetational, edaphic, topographic, and disturbance characteristics of the installation. Inventory
plots are allocated in a stratified random fashion across the installation utilizing a geographic information system that
integrates satellite imagery and soil survey information. Ground cover, canopy cover, woody plant density, slope length, slope
gradient, soil information, and disturbance data are collected at each plot. Plot data are used to: (1) describe plant communities,
(2) characterize wildlife and threatened and endangered species habitat, (3) document amount and kind of military and nonmilitary
disturbance, (4) determine the impact of military training on vegetation and soil resources, (5) estimate soil erosion potential,
(6) classify land as to the kind and amount of use it can support, (7) determine allowable use estimates for tracked vehicle
training, (8) document concealment resources, (9) identify lands that require restoration and evaluate the effectiveness of
restorative techniques, and (10) evaluate potential acquisition property. Wildlife inventories survey small and midsize mammals,
birds, bats, amphibians, and reptiles. Data from these surveys can be used for environmental documentation, to identify state
and federal endangered and threatened species, and to evaluate the impact of military activities on wildlife populations.
Short- and long-term monitoring of permanent field plots is used to evaluate and adjust land management decisions. 相似文献
66.
对环境监测布点采样中的QC/QA以及由采样引起的误差来源做了简要分析,并对监测采样过程中QC/QA的操作提出了一些设想。 相似文献
67.
Dr Theresa M. Marteau Rachel Cook Jane Kidd Susan Michie Marie Johnston Joan Slack Robert W. Shaw 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(3):205-214
The purpose of the study was to describe the impact of false-positive results from initial maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP) screening. The analyses compared two groups of women, those receiving a negative result (n = 346) and those receiving an initial positive result (n = 26), over four time points—prior to testing, immediately after testing, later in pregnancy, and in the post-partum period. Receiving an abnormal result was associated with high levels of anxiety which were reflected in increased worry about the baby's health and a more negative attitude towards the pregnancy and the baby. Women who had an initial abnormal result were offered a variety of further tests. Those women who went on to have amniocentesis were less worried about their baby's health in the third trimester and also less anxious post-partum than those who did not have amniocentesis. In view of the increasing number of screening tests available, it is necessary to establish whether and how these levels of distress can best be reduced. 相似文献
68.
DM Peter Lorenz Rainer Bollmann Georg Klaus Hinkel Marco Mächler Gabriele Siegert Gudrun Stamminger Jörg Wendisch Sabine Ziemer 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(11):819-825
The study of the fetal platelet count and size can, according to the literature, be used for the prenatal diagnosis of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). So far, no affected fetuses have been identified by this method. All pregnancies in which this method had been applied to resulted, as correctly predicted, in the birth of normal children. Here we report on a familial case of WAS where the haematological parameters failed to reveal the affected second child. Hence we assume that the platelet count and size of platelets remain normal in fetuses with WAS to the gestational age of 22 weeks and cannot be used for prenatal diagnosis. 相似文献
69.
The marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana have been shown to produce apo-fucoxanthinoid compounds which act as feeding deterrents against the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. The amounts and types of apo-fucoxanthinoids produced were species specific. Th. pseudonana produced small quantities of apo-12-fucoxanthinal and apo-13-fucoxanthinone only during senescence, while P. tricornutum produced much greater quantities of these two compounds during both log and senescence phases, in addition to producing a third compound, apo-10-fucoxanthinal, only during senescence. For both species, production of apo-fucoxanthinoids increased as the cells entered senescence phase due to phosphate limitation. The amounts of apo-fucoxanthinoids necessary to reduce feeding in T. californicus by 50% ranged from 2.22 to 20.2 ppm. This range was approximately 1000 times lower than the total apo-fucoxanthinoid concentration in P. tricornutum. The amounts of apo-fucoxanthinoids necessary to cause a 50% mortality in a population of T. californicus ranged from 36.8 to 76.7 ppm. Thus, these compounds are present in concentrations which may have ecological significance in the control of bloom formation and grazing. The production of apo-fucoxanthinoids may be a phenomenon common to many diatoms, particularly as they enter senescence due to nutrient limitation. 相似文献
70.
The bivalve mollusc Macoma balthica accumulated hydrocarbons during 180 days of continuous exposure to Prudhoe Bay crude oil in seawater dispersions with nominal concentrations of 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 mg l-1. The mollusc's ability to concentrate oil from seawater increased with decreasing oil-in-water concentration. Decreases in oil burden began after 30 to 120 days (depending on the oil concentration) and continued for at least 60 days after exposure to oil ceased. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were fractionated in markedly different ways by the bivalve. Branched and cyclic aliphatics in the molecular weight-range dodecane through hexadecane were preferentially retained over straightchain and their higher homologs. Larger and more substituted aromatic compounds were selectively concentrated. There appeared to be no selective concentration of aromatic sulphur compounds.Please address requests for reprints to Dr. D. G. Shaw at the Institute of Marine Science 相似文献