环境雌激素的生物检测与应用

环境雌激素问题已成为环境领域的研究热点。因此,建立简单快速有效的检测方法显得尤其重要。目前对污染物雌激素效应的测评主要依赖于生物学方法,文章主要介绍了子宫生长实验、肝细胞卵黄蛋白原生成实验、人乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)增值实验、重组基因酵母实验、酵母双杂交实验五种主要的环境雌激素生物检测方法及其在国内外环境激素测评中的应用现状。     

改性炭对PH3的吸附性能研究

为利用黄磷尾气中的高浓度CO气体,通过钢瓶配气模拟和气相色谱GC-14C测定的方法,选出了净化PH3气体的最佳改性炭;用正交实验法优化了吸附净化实验条件;通过X射线光电子能谱对改性活性炭进行表征。结果表明:铜阳离子改性炭的净化效果最好;最佳实验条件是反应温度95℃、氧含量3%、气体流量0.2L/min、浸渍液浓度0.3mol/L、活性碳粒径4mm和焙烧温度350℃。     

农业生产对土壤盐渍化影响的经济分析

研究农业生产活动对土壤盐渍化的负面影响,有利于合理安排农业公共投资,促进生产与环境协调发展。在介绍我国土壤盐渍化概况的基础上,利用相关文献分析影响土壤盐渍化的不同因素,同时利用省级Panel数据和计量模型进一步探索农业生产活动对土壤盐渍化的影响。结果表明,灌溉程度、单位钾肥投入会对土壤盐渍化产生显著影响。单位耕地上灌溉面积越多,耕地发生盐渍化的概率也越高;同时单位面积上钾肥使用量越高,耕地发生盐渍化的概率也越高。此外,还在统计意义上发现排灌对抑制土壤盐渍化具有明显作用。因此,针对农业生产活动对农业生态环境可能造成的负面影响,进一步提出应该在增加农业公共投资的背景下,加强农业基础设施的建设,引导农户采用合理的农业生产方式,以协调我国农业生产与农业生态环境的和谐发展。     

降低FCC再生烟气NOx排放助剂的实验室评价

通过采用ACE装置与烟气NOx分析仪器联用的实验室评价方法,可在更接近实际催化裂化反应-再生过程的条件下,评价助剂对再生烟气中NOx的催化转化性能,同时还可考察助剂的加入对催化裂化产品分布的影响.采用该方法对几种降NOx助剂的性能进行了评价,结果表明,在催化剂体系中含有Pt基CO助燃剂的情况下,加入4%的RDNOx助剂后,烟气NOx降低幅度约30%～40%,且催化裂化产品分布基本不受影响.     

青岛在山东半岛蓝色经济区建设中的功能定位及发展对策研究

山东半岛蓝色经济区建设已正式上升为国家战略,是国家区域协调发展的重要组成部分。青岛作为山东半岛的龙头城市,综合实力强、地理位置优越、海洋资源丰富、海洋科技领先、海洋经济发达且产业结构较为合理,应借此优势将其建设成为全国蓝色经济发展的先行区、山东半岛蓝色经济区的核心区。在此过程中,青岛要进一步优化蓝色经济的空间布局,并按照“优化提升一产,发展壮大二产,突破发展三产”的思路完善产业结构。为促进山东半岛蓝色经济区快速发展,发挥辐射带动作用,青岛应营造良好的政策环境,突破海洋产业化关键技术,实施项目带动策略,加强半岛城市间的分工协作,并在开发过程中注重生态环境保护,确保蓝色经济可持续发展     

聚丙烯腈生产线上SO2供料不稳定的原因分析

本文介绍了干法腈纶生产技术中液体二氧化硫(SO2)的输送原理,对稳定输送条件进行了计算及分析,提出了改进的供料流程,以保证聚合釜长周期稳定运行,并达到节能减排的目的.     

Bioavailable metals and cellular effects in the digestive gland of marine limpets living close to shallow water hydrothermal vents

The pressure exerted by shallow water hydrothermal vents on edible gastropods and their cellular responses triggered by these stresses are almost unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of metals in the Macaronesian endemic limpet Patella candei gomesii living close to shallow water hydrothermal vents, and the structural differences in their digestive gland as well as the levels of apoptosis in that organ. Limpets were sampled in four sites, two with the presence of hydrothermalism and the other two without it. Whole body concentrations of several metals (Ca, Cd, Cs, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn) were obtained, morphometry analysis of the digestive gland and TUNEL test for apoptosis were also performed. Results revealed that the presence of shallow water hydrothermal vents is a source of chronic metal stress to limpets, imposing modifications in the morphometry and cell composition of the digestive gland of those limpets that may constitute cell and tissue adaptations to the environment they live in. This study sets up new baseline data for further research on the influence of shallow water hydrothermal vents over communities living in these habitats.     

Pesticide residues in river sediments from the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil

Sediment samples from 25 sites in 17 rivers of the Pantanal (Brazil) were analyzed with the objective of evaluating pesticide contamination in sediments. Samples were extracted with an acetone, ethylacetate, and water mixture 2:2:1 (v/v/v). The extract was purified by flash chromatography with aluminum oxide and florisil. A multiresidue gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was applied to monitor 23 pesticides of different chemical classes (organochlorine, organophosphorus, triazines, anilides and pyrethroids) with some of their degradation products. Compounds identified in sediment samples included lambda -cyhalothrin (1.0 to 5.0 micro g kg(- 1)), p,p'-DDT (3.6 micro g kg(- 1)), deltamethrin (20.0 micro g kg(- 1)) and permethrin (1.0 to 7.0 micro g kg(- 1)).     

基于景观格局视角的土地整治对农地细碎化影响评价研究

以江西省宜丰县土地整治项目区为例,选择斑块类型、景观类型、廊道特征3类景观格局指数,从景观格局视角定量评价土地整治对农地细碎化的影响。研究表明:(1)水田的斑块密度由8.916 1个/hm~2下降至8.423 4个/hm~2,平均斑块面积由0.075 1 hm~2提升至0.076 9 hm~2,边缘密度由1 203.431 8降低至1 127.134 7,面积加权的平均形状因子由1.238 6下降至1.216 3,最大斑块指数由0.17%上升至0.18%,景观格局指数均得到不同程度改善;但旱地除面积加权的平均形状因子以外,其他指标均表明旱地趋于细碎化。(2)土地整治导致项目区破碎化程度加剧,斑块数量由3 530个提升至4 175个,平均斑块面积由0.070 6 hm~2增加至0.059 7 hm~2,面积加权平均形状因子由1.672 3增加至1.816 0,最大斑块指数由2.06%降低至2.01%。(3)土地整治优化了农村道理和沟渠布局,廊道特征指数均有不同程度改善。但农村道路和沟渠的修建割裂了斑块,是导致项目区破碎化程度加剧的主要原因。因此,在土地整治规划设计中需要注重旱地、农村道路、沟渠的景观格局设计,达到有效治理农地细碎化和提高土地整治景观生态效益的目的。     

Arsenic speciation in rice consumed in south-western Nigeria,and estimation of dietary intake of arsenic species through rice consumption

This study determined concentrations and speciation of arsenic (As) in rice samples obtained from the cities of Akure, Ore, Ondo and Ikare in Ondo State, south-western Nigeria. The estimated dietary intake of As from rice consumption for total As and the identified As species were compared with the As benchmark dose lower confidence limit. Analyses of rice from the four cities identified three As species: inorganic As, monomethylarsonic, acid and dimethylarsinic acid. Concentrations of total As and the As species differed significantly across the sampling locations (by a factor of 2.5 for total As). Mean levels (±S.D.) were 58.8 ± 0.7 µg/kg total As, 47.0 ± 0.6 µg/kg inorganic As, 0.33 ± 0.03 µg/kg monomethylarsonic acid, and 11.5 ± 0.1 µg/kg dimethylarsinic acid. The estimated mean dietary intakes were 4.1 µg/d total As, 3.3 µg/d inorganic As, 0.02 µg/d monomethylarsonic acid, and 0.8 µg/d dimethylarsinic acid. These values are below the benchmark dose lower confidence limit and comparable to, or lower than, those reported for other countries. Thus, consumption of rice cultivated in south-western Nigeria does not appear to have inherent As-associated health risks.